What are gas fees in crypto?

Gas fees are transaction fees paid to validators (or miners) who process and confirm transactions on a blockchain. On Ethereum, gas is measured in Gwei (one billionth of an ETH). Every operation a smart contract performs, transferring tokens, swapping on a DEX, minting an NFT, consumes a specific amount of gas. The total fee you pay equals the gas units consumed multiplied by the price per gas unit.

Why are Ethereum gas fees so high?

Ethereum gas fees are high because block space is limited. Each block can hold roughly 30 million gas units, and when demand exceeds supply, users bid up the priority fee to get included faster. Events like popular NFT mints, token launches, and airdrop claims create sudden spikes. Ethereum L1 processes about 15 transactions per second, so even moderate usage can fill blocks. Layer 2 networks like Arbitrum and Base solve this by processing transactions off-chain and posting compressed proofs to Ethereum.

How can I check current gas prices?

You can check real-time Ethereum gas prices on Etherscan's Gas Tracker (etherscan.io/gastracker), which shows low, average, and high gas prices in Gwei. Other tools include Blocknative's Gas Estimator, the gas tracker built into MetaMask, and ultrasound.money. For Layer 2 fees, check the L2 block explorers directly. Arbiscan for Arbitrum, Basescan for Base, and Polygonscan for Polygon.

When are gas fees cheapest?

Gas fees are typically cheapest on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and during off-peak hours for North America and Europe, roughly between midnight and 8 AM UTC. U.S. market hours (Monday through Friday, 1 PM to 9 PM UTC) tend to see the highest fees because DeFi and NFT activity peaks during those times. Using gas price alert tools to notify you when fees drop below a target Gwei level is a practical strategy.

Do Layer 2 networks charge gas fees?

Yes, but they are dramatically cheaper. Layer 2 rollups like Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism charge a small execution fee (fractions of a cent for simple transfers) plus an L1 data fee for posting compressed transaction data to Ethereum. Since EIP-4844 introduced blob space in March 2024, L2 data costs have dropped by over 90%. A typical token swap costs $0.01 to $0.10 on most L2s compared to $5 to $50 on Ethereum L1.

Can I avoid gas fees entirely?

You cannot fully avoid gas fees on public blockchains because validators need compensation. However, you can get close to zero. Gasless protocols like CowSwap let you sign off-chain intents while solvers pay the on-chain gas. Account abstraction (ERC-4337) enables gas sponsorship where dApps cover fees for their users. Some centralized exchanges also offer free withdrawals to L2 networks. On Coinstancy, you earn 7% APY on USDC without worrying about gas, deposits and yield compounding are handled for you.

Kāinga Akademia Ngā Ārahi He aha ngā utu hinu?

Aratohu Mātau

He aha ngā utu hinu? Me pēhea te utu iti

He utu hinu ia whakawhitinga blockchain katoa. Akohia ngā utu hinu he aha, he aha te pikinga o ngā utu Ethereum, me pēhea ngā aho rerekē e whakataurite ana, me ngā rautaki whaihua hei whakaiti i ōu utu whakawhitinga ki te 99%.

Tīmata te Pānui Aki ki ngā Tohutohu

11 meneti pānui I whakahoutia Māe 2026 Mātāpono Blockchain

I tēnei Ārahi

01 He aha ngā utu hinu? 02 Me pēhea te mahi o ngā utu hinu i runga i te Ethereum 03 He aha te huringa o ngā utu hinu 04 Ngā utu hinu i runga i ngā aho rerekē 05 Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu 06 Ngā utu hinu me te DeFi 07 Te ao kei te heke mai o ngā utu hinu 08 Pātai Auau

Wāhanga 1

He aha ngā utu hinu?

Ngā utu hau ko ngā utu whakawhitiwhiti e utua ana e koe ki te whakamahi i tētahi whatunga poraka. Whakaarohia te hau hei wahie e whakakaha ana i ia mahi i runga i te whatunga, te tuku i ngā tohu, te whakawhiti i runga i te DEX, te whakamana i tētahi kirimana mārire, te hanga rānei i tētahi NFT. Ki te kore ngā utu hau, kāore he whakatenatena mō ngā kaiwhakamana ki te tukatuka i ngā whakawhitiwhiti, ā, kāore he utu mō te whakapāpā i te whatunga ki ngā tono kore take.

I runga i te Ethereum, ka haere nga utu hau ki nga kaiwhakamana e mau ana i te ETH hei whakamarumaru i te whatunga. Ko ia taahiraa rorohiko e hiahiatia ana e te whakawhitinga, te panui rokiroki, te tuhi raraunga, te mahi pangarau, ka pau i te ine o nga waeine hau. Ka tatauhia te katoa o te utu ko nga waeine hau i pau i whakareatia ki te utu mo ia waeine hau. Ko te whakawhitinga ETH ngawari e whakamahi ana i te 21,000 waeine hau; ko te whakawhitinga DeFi matatini ka whakamahi i te 200,000 ki te 500,000 neke atu ranei.

Mai i te whakahoutanga o Ethereum's EIP-1559 (Akuhata 2021), kua wehea nga utu hau ki nga wahanga e rua. Ko te utu turanga ka whakaritea ma te algorithm e te kawa i runga i te kikii o te poraka o mua, ka piki ina neke atu i te 50% te kikii o nga poraka, ka heke ina iti iho. Ko tenei utu turanga ka tahuna (ka tangohia tuturu mai i te tuku), ka waiho te ETH hei whakaheke i te wa o te whakamahinga nui. I runga ake i te utu turanga, ka tapirihia e nga kaiwhakamahi he utu matua (taonga) hei akiaki i nga kaiwhakamana kia whakauru wawe i ta raatau whakawhitiwhitinga.

He māmā te tātaitanga: Utu Katoa = Gas Units Used x (Base Fee + Priority Fee). Mēnā ko te utu taketake he 20 Gwei, ko tō utu rangatira he 2 Gwei, ā, ka whakamahia e tō whakawhitinga ngā waehere hinu 21,000, ka utu koe 21,000 x 22 Gwei = 462,000 Gwei = 0.000462 ETH. I te $3,500 mō ia ETH, tata ki te $1.62 tēnei.

Hāora Whatunga

Ka hikoia e te hāora ia mahi kei runga i te aho. Ka whiwhi utu ngā kaiwhakawātea mō te tukatuka i ō whakawhitinga me te tiaki i te whatunga.

Utu Taketake + Tohu

Ka wehewehe a EIP-1559 i ngā utu ki tētahi utu taketake kua tahuri, me tētahi tipa nui. Ka whakaritea aunoa te utu taketake i runga i te hiahia o te poraka.

Whakawetewete ETH

Ka tahuri tonu te utu taketake, e whakaiti ana i te whiwhinga ETH. Ka whakaitia te ETH i te roanga o te wā nā te whakamahinga nui o te whatunga.

Wāhanga 2

Me pēhea te mahi o ngā utu hinu i runga i te Ethereum

Ko te mārama ki ngā pūnaha o ngā utu hinu a Ethereum e āwhina i a koe ki te matapae i ngā utu, me te karo i te utu nui rawa. Anei ngā wāhanga matua.

Gwei: Te Uniti o te utu hinu

Ko ngā utu hau e whakaaturia ana i roto i te Gwei, he wāhanga iti o te ETH. Ko te Gwei kotahi e ōrite ana ki te 0.000000001 ETH (10^-9). Ina kī tētahi "he 25 Gwei te hau," ko te tikanga he 25 piriona o te ETH te utu o ia waeine hau. I ngā utu o nāianei, ko te 25 Gwei e tata ana ki te $0.0000000875 mō ia waeine hau, he iti noa iho, engari ka piki haere i roto i ngā tekau, rau rānei o ngā mano waeine hau e hiahiatia ana e tētahi whakawhitinga.

Ko te ingoa "Gwei" i puta mai i te "giga-wei," i reira ko Wei te wāhanga iti rawa o te ETH (1 ETH = 10¹⁸ Wei). Ka kite koe i te Gwei e whakaatuhia ana i ngā pūkete pērā i te MetaMask, i ngā pūtirotiro hinu, me ngā pūtirotiro poraka pērā i te Etherscan.

Te Pae Hinu

Ko te tepe hau te mōrahi o ngā waeine hau e rite ana koe ki te whakapau mō tētahi whakawhitinga. Hei potae haumaru, ki te pau ake i te tepe te hau o te whakawhitinga, ka hoki whakamuri (ka rahua), ā, ka utu tonu koe mō te hau i whakamahia ki taua wā. Ko tētahi whakawhitinga ETH māmā e whakamahi tonu ana i te 21,000 hau. Ko tētahi whakawhitinga tohu ERC-20 e whakamahi ana i te 45,000 ki te 65,000. Ko tētahi whakawhitinga Uniswap ka whakamahi i te 150,000 ki te 300,000 i runga i te matatini o te ara

Ko ngā pūkoro pēnei i a MetaMask e whakatau tata ana i te rohe hau. Mēnā ka iti rawa te whakatakoto, ka taka tāu whakawhitinga. He haumaru te whakatakoto i runga ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana nā te mea ka utu koe mō te mea e pau ana, ka whakahokia te hau kāore i whakamahia.

Utu Taketake me te Utu Matua

I raro i te EIP-1559, ko te utu turanga ka whakatauhia e te kawa. E aro ana ki te 50% whakamahinga poraka: ina neke atu i te haurua te kī o te poraka o mua, ka piki te utu turanga (tae atu ki te 12.5% ia poraka); ina iti iho i te haurua te kī, ka heke. Mā tēnei e puta ai he mākete utu e matapae ana, e whakatika ana i a ia anō. Ka tahuna katoatia te utu turanga, kāore ngā kaitirotiro e whiwhi

Te utu matua (ka kīia hoki ko te "tip" rānei ko te "utu matua teitei mō te hinu") ka haere tika ki te validator e whakauru ana i tō whakawhitinga. I ngā āhuatanga auau, he tip 1-2 Gwei e tika ana. I te whiwhinga, ka whakapiki ngā kaiwhakamahi i ō rātou tip hei whakaiti i te rārangi. Ō pūkete's utu teitei mō te hinu tautuhi ka aukati te tapeke katoa ka utua e koe (pūtake + tip), e tiaki ana i a koe i ngā pikinga utu pūtake ohorere.

Mokowā Paraka: Te Rauemi Pūkete

Ka whakaputa a Ethereum i te poraka hou ia 12 hēkona. Kei ia poraka he rahi whāinga o 15 miriona wae hau me te rahi mōrahi o 30 miriona wae hau. Ko te tikanga, ka taea e te whatunga te tukatuka tata ki te 15-45 whakawhitinga ia hēkona i runga i te matatini. Ko te mokowā poraka te rauemi onge e utua ana e ngā utu hau, inā hiahia ana te nuinga ki te whakawhiti atu i te mea e taea e te poraka, ka piki ngā utu hei whakaiti i te urunga

Koinei te take e mea ana ngā utu hinu kia āhua mātāmua he raru tuku me te hiahia. Ka whakaritea te whiwhinga o te mokowā poraka e ngā ture tukanga. Ka rerekē te hiahia i te huringa o te mahi mākete, te whakamahi i te DeFi, ngā tuku NFT, me ngā whakarewa tohu. Ko te mārama ki tēnei horopaki he matua ki te wātea i ō whakawhitinga mō ngā utu iti.

Wāhanga 3

He aha te huringa o ngā utu hinu

Mēnā kua mātakitaki koe i ngā utu hau Ethereum, e mōhio ana koe ka tino rerekē, mai i te 5 Gwei i ngā rā whakatā mārie ki te 200+ Gwei i ngā mahi rongonui. Ko te utu taketake pea he $1 i te 3 AM UTC, ā, he $50 i te NFT mint rongonui. Ko tēnei rerekētanga ka hua mai i tētahi take: te hiahia mō te wāhi poraka.

Nā te mea kua aukatia te rahi o te poraka o Ethereum, ka piki te utu i te wā ka piki ohorere te tono whakawhitinga. Ka whakapiki ake te tikanga EIP-1559 i tēnei: ina kapi tonu ngā poraka, ka piki te utu taketake ki te 12.5% ia hēkona 12. Ka taea e te wā roa o ngā poraka kapi te rua ngā utu taketake i raro i te rua meneti.

Ngā āwangawanga whatunga

Ka whakatere ake ngā mākete toro nui i te pikinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi, te hokohoko, me te mahi i runga i te aho. Ka noho ngā paraka i runga i te 50% o te kaha mō te roanga o te wā, ka piki tere te utu taketake. I te raumati DeFi o te tau 2021 me te pikinga o ngā NFT, i hipa te utu kaipupuri noa o te huka ki te 100 Gwei mō ngā wiki.

Ngā Minti me ngā Tātaritanga NFT

Ka hangaia e ngā whakarewa NFT rongonui "pakanga huka" i reira ngā mano kaiwhakamahi e whakataetae ana ki te whakaputa i te kotahi poraka. I te tau 2022, i whakaputa te mint o Yuga Labs Otherside i te huka ki runga i te 8,000 Gwei, e utu ana i te huka nui ake i te NFT anō. Ahakoa ngā heke iti ake ka taea te whakatūpato poto engari tino kaha.

Ngā tono airdrop

Ka whāwhāia e ngā tikanga nui ngā airdrop tohu, ka heke mai ngā miriona tāra i ngā whakawhitinga tono ki te whatunga i te wā kotahi. Ko te airdrop Arbitrum ARB, te tono Starknet STRK, me ngā huihuinga ōrite i puta ake he pikinga hinu wā-roa i te wā e tere ana ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tono.

Ngā Rere Whakawātea i te DeFi

Ka whakaoho ngā heke utu tino tere i ngā ngaru o ngā whakawātea i runga i ngā tikanga kāri pēnei i a Aave me Compound. Ka whakataetae ngā pūkete whakawātea ki te wāhi poraka me te kaha, nā te mea ka whiwhi tāpiritanga ia whakawātea. Ka hua he huringa utu i te mea ka riro te utu e ngā pūkete i te tētahi ki te tētahi mō te whakaurunga matua.

Wāhanga 4

Utu Hāora i ngā Ārahi Rerekē

Ehara i te katoa o ngā pūnaha poraka e utu ana i ngā utu ōrite. Ngā roroa Papa 2 me ngā L1 kōwhiringa e tuku ana i ngā utu tino iti. Anei tētahi whakataurite ao‑tūturu o ngā utu whakawhitinga auau puta noa i ngā whatunga rongonui.

Whatunga	Whakawhiti ETH	Tuku Tokina	Whakaputa NFT	Momo
Ethereum L1	$1.50 - $15	$5 - $50	$10 - $80	L1
Arbitrum	$0.01 - $0.10	$0.03 - $0.30	$0.05 - $0.50	Roroa L2
Pūtake	$0.001 - $0.01	$0.01 - $0.10	$0.02 - $0.15	Roroa L2
Polygon PoS	$0.001 - $0.01	$0.01 - $0.05	$0.01 - $0.10	Ara‑āwhina
Solana	$0.0005 - $0.005	$0.005 - $0.03	$0.01 - $0.05	Kōwhiringa L1

Tuhipoka: Ko ēnei ngā awheawhe auau hei te Maehe 2026. He rerekē ngā utu tūturu i runga i te piringa o te whatunga me te utu ETH. I heke nui ngā utu L2 i muri i te whakaurunga o te EIP-4844 (Maehe 2024) i te wā i whakaurua te wāhi blob, nā reira i whakaiti i ngā utu tuku raraunga L1 i te nui ake i te 90%. Kua riro a Arbitrum me Base hei kōwhiringa tino whai utu mō te whakamahi DeFi ia rā, i tiakina e Ethereum.

Aukati i te Hāora, Whiwhi te Pūtau

Ka pau nga utu hau i o hua i runga i te Ethereum L1. Ma te Coinstancy, whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te whakakaha ia ra, kaore he raka, me te tango tonu, me te kore e awangawanga mo nga utu whakawhiti.

Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC

Wāhanga 5

Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu

Kāore e taea te whakakore i ngā utu hinu katoa, engari ka taea e koe te whakaiti i a rātou ki te 90-99% mā ngā rautaki tika. Anei ngā huarahi whai hua rawa, mai i te māmā ki te uaua rawa.

Whakamahia ngā whatunga Raupapa 2

Ko te huringa nui rawa e tino whai pānga ana ko te neke i tō mahi ki tētahi Rārangi 2 whatunga. Arbitrum, Base, me Optimism he rorohiko Ethereum e whiwhi ana i te haumaru a Ethereum i te wā e tuku ana i ngā utu 50-100x iti ake. Ko te nuinga o ngā tikanga DeFi nui (Uniswap, Aave, Compound) kua whakatū kē i runga i ngā L2 maha. Hono ō taonga i te wā kotahi, ka mahi whakawhitinga i te wāhanga o te utu L1.

Mai i te EIP-4844, he whakawhiti Uniswap tūturu i runga i te Base e iti iho i te $0.05, i te whakataurite ki te $5-$50 i runga i te Ethereum L1. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi DeFi auau, ka piki ake tēnei rerekētanga ki ngā rau māra i ia marama i ngā penapena.

Whakatau i te wā o ō whakawhitinga

E whai ana nga utu hau i nga tauira e hono ana ki nga mahi a nga kaiwhakamahi. He iti rawa nga utu i nga ra whakataa (ina koa te Rahoroi) me nga haora iti, i waenga i te waenganui po me te 8 AM UTC. Kia tupato ki te whakawhiti i nga haora maakete o Amerika (1 PM - 9 PM UTC, Mane ki te Paraire) ina tino nui nga mahi DeFi.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu aroturuki huka pērā i te Etherscan Gas Tracker, Blocknative rānei hei aroturuki i ngā utu i te wā tūturu. He maha ngā taputapu e āhei ai koe ki te whakarite whakamōhiotanga utu e whakamōhiotia ana i a koe ina heke te huka ki raro i tō Gwei whāinga. Mēnā kāore tō whakawhitinga i te mea nui, mā te tatari i ngā haora ruarua mō te heke ka taea te penapena i te 50% ā, pea ake.

Ngā Whakawhitinga Rārangi

Kei ia whakawhitinga he utu pūmau o ngā waehere hinu 21,000 mō te utu taketake o te whakawhitinga. Mēnā me mahi koe i ngā mahi maha, ko te whakakotahi i aua ki te whakawhitinga kotahi ka penapena i taua utu pūmau i ia wā. Ka taea e ngā pūkete atamai (ma te whakaaetanga pūkete) me ngā tikanga me te kohinga aunoa te kohikohi i ngā whakaaetanga, ngā whakawhiti, me ngā tāpiritanga ki tētahi whakawhitinga kei runga i te aho.

Hei tauira, mā te whakaaetanga i tētahi tohu, kāore e whakakē i te whakawhiti i roto i ngā whakawhitinga rua motuhake, e tautokona ana e ētahi DEX ngā whakaaetanga i runga i te whakaaetanga (EIP-2612) e whakakotahi ana i te hainatanga whakaaetanga me te whakawhiti i te whakawhitinga kotahi, e whakaiti ana i tō utu hinu tata ki te haurua.

Whakamahia ngā Kaupapa Kore Hinu

He tikanga rerekē e kawea ana i ngā utu hinu mō tō taha. CowSwap Ka tuku a CowSwap i ngā whakawhiti kāore i te hinu: ka hainatia e koe tētahi hiahia i waho o te aho, ā, ka utu te kaiwhakawātea i te hinu hei whakatinana i tō tauhokohoko i runga i te aho. Ko te utu hinu ka whakaurua ki te utu whakatinana, kaua ko te utu motuhake. He tino whaihua tēnei mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e pupuri ana i ngā tohu ERC-20 anake, kāore hoki i a rātou he ETH mō te hinu.

Ko ētahi atu kōwhiringa kāore he hinu e wātea ana ko te aratau Fusion a 1inch's, te whatunga tuku a Gelato's mō ngā kaihanga dApp, me ngā tikanga e tautoko ana i ngā hainatanga whakaaetanga ERC-20 hei whakakore i ngā whakawhitinga whakaaetanga motuhake.

Whakaritea ngā tautuhinga hinu ā-ringa

Ngā pūkete pērā i a MetaMask e tuku ana i a koe kia urutau i ngā tautuhinga hinu. Mō ngā whakawhitinga kāore i te tino nui, whakaitia te utu matua kōwhiringa ki te 1 Gwei (rānei i te iti ake i ngā wā noho puku) ā, tautuhia he utu tiaki utu mōrahi. Ka taea e tō whakawhitinga te tango i ētahi paraka tāpiri kia whakaaetia, engari ka utu i te iti rawa. Kia tūpato kia kaua e whakarite i te utu mōrahi i raro i te utu taketake o nāianei, kāore rānei e taea te whakawhitinga te noho piri tae noa ki te heke o ngā utu.

Wāhanga 6

Utu hinu me DeFi

Ko ngā utu hinu te kaiwhakamataku hūmiri o DeFi te whaihua, otirā mō ngā pūkete iti i runga i te Ethereum L1. Ko te mārama ki te pāngarau e āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau mēnā he mea whai tikanga tūturu te rautaki ki te whakatinana.

Te Whakamāramatanga Pae-utu

He utu hinu kei ia tūranga DeFi ki te whakauru (tuku + whakaaetanga), ngā utu haere tonu (whakamau utu, whakakotahi), me te utu hinu ki te puta (tango). Mēnā ka tuku koe $500 ki tētahi pāmu hua i runga i te Ethereum L1 e whiwhi ana i te 10% APY, ko tō tumanako hua ā-tau $50. Engari mēnā ka utu $15 te whakawhitinga tuku, ka utu $15 ia wāhanga whā te whiwhi utu ($60/tau), ā, ka utu $15 te tango, kua whakapau $90 i te hinu ki te whiwhi $50.

Te tikanga matua: i runga i te Ethereum L1, i te nuinga o te wā, me whakatakoto e koe i te $5,000 ki te $10,000 hei whakaputa hua mō te mahi ahuwhenua, kia eke ai ki runga ake i ngā utu hau i ngā taumata utu noa. I raro i tērā paepae, ka pau katoa te hua i te hau, ā, tērā pea ka nui ake. Koia tonu te take i noho ai ngā L2 hei kāinga matua mō te DeFi

He aha te ngaro moni o ngā tāpuitanga iti i runga L1

He pūmau tonu ngā utu hau i roto i ngā tāra, he rite tonu te utu hau ki te moni whakatakoto $100 me te moni whakatakoto $100,000. He whakaheke tēnei hanganga utu pātata: ka kino te pānga ki ngā kaiwhakamahi iti. He rite tonu te utu hau o te whakawhiti Uniswap $50 ahakoa e hokohoko ana koe i ngā tohu $50, $50,000 rānei. Mō te kaihokohoko iti, ko te hau pea he 30-100% o te uara hokohoko. Mō te tohorā, he hapa whakaawhiwhi noa iho.

He mea nui tēnei o ngā raru whakamahinga nui o te crypto's me te take i riro ai te "DeFi is for the rich" hei meme i te wā o te pōreke hinu 2021. Ka whakatika ngā whatunga Papa 2 i tēnei mā te whakaiti i te utu hinu kia taea e ngā pūkete katoa te whakamahi.

Pānga ki te Rautaki Whai Hua

Ka huri ngā utu hau i ngā rautaki e whaihua ana. I runga i te L1, ko te whakahiato ā-ringa i ngā utu i ia wiki ka nui ake te utu hau i te hua tāpiri ka riro. I runga i te L2, he iti noa te utu o taua whakahiato. Ko ngā whare whakahiato aunoa (pērā i a Yearn, Beefy Finance rānei) ka whakaoti i tēnei mā te tohatoha i ngā utu hau ki ngā kaituku moni katoa, ka whakahiato te tauwhitinga kotahi mō te katoa, engari ka utu rātou i tētahi utu mahi mō te ratonga.

I te arotake i ngā hua DeFi, me tatau tonu: Hua Neti = APY Katoa - (Utu Hinu Katoa / Rahi Putunga). He pāmu e pānuitia ana 20% APY kāore he tikanga mēnā ka kai ngā utu hinu i te 25% o tō pūtake.

Kāore he māuiui hinu. Ko te hua anake.

Ko Coinstancy te kaiwhakahaere o ngā uauatanga katoa, kāore he tātai penehīni, kāore he tauwhitinga whakahiato, kāore he piriti L2. Tuku moni USDC ka whiwhi 7% APY me te whakahiato ā-rā, kāore he rākau, ā, ka taea te tango tonu.

Tīmata te whiwhi moni i te Coinstancy

Wāhanga 7

Te Anamata o ngā Utu Hinu

Kei te mahi kaha te pūnaha-āhua Ethereum ki te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu kia kore e raru mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o ia rā. Kua tīmata kē ngā whakahau nui maha me ngā tauira hoahoa, kei te ora rānei, kei te rārangi ara.

EIP-4844: Proto-Danksharding (Ora)

I whakarewahia i te Poutū-te-rangi 2024 me te whakamahoutanga Dencun, i whakaurua e EIP-4844 ngā whakawhitinga blob, he momo raraunga hou kua arotahitia mō ngā raraunga rollup. I mua, i whakairihia e ngā L2 ngā raraunga whakawhitinga kōpīpī hei calldata i runga i te Ethereum L1, e whakataetae ana ki ngā whakawhitinga noa mō te wāhi poraka kotahi. He mahere utu motuhake ā rātou ake ngā blob me te wāhi whakatapua, e whakaheke ana i ngā utu raraunga L2 mō te 90% neke atu.

I tere tonu te pānga, he tino rerekē. I heke ngā utu tauwhiti pūtake mai i te tata ki $0.50 ki raro i te $0.01. I kite a Arbitrum i ngā hekenga ōrite. I whakakāhore kotahi tēnei whakahōutanga i ngā tauwhiti moni iti i te ao i runga i ngā Ethereum L2, ā, i whakatūria he ngaru o ngā whakarewa L2 hou.

Danksharding Katoa (Mahere Ara)

Ka whakawhānui te danksharding katoa i te kaha blob mai i te 3-6 blob i tēnei wā mō ia poraka ki te rerekē raupapa. Ka whakakotahi ki te tauira wātea o ngā raraunga (DAS), ka āhei ngā kaiwhakamana ki te whakamana i te wātea o ngā raraunga me te kore tikiake i te katoa. Te hua: he nui ake te mokowā raraunga mō ngā rollup, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu L2.

E te mea kāore anō te danksharding katoa i te wāhi whakaputa, he tau anō te roa, engari ka tūmanako kia tere ake ngā whakapai ake pērā i te PeerDAS me te pikinga o te tatauranga blob. Ka whakaiti haere te tapapa utu mō ngā whakawhāiti L2 i ia hipanga.

Whakawhāiti Pūkete (ERC-4337)

Ka whakakapi te whakawhāiti pūkete i ngā pūkete tuku iho (EOAs) ki kōtaha atamai pūkete kārihi e taea ana te tautuhi i te arorau mana motuhake. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga whai pānga nui ko tautoko hinu (kaiwhakarato utu): he taupānga (dApp) rānei tētahi taha tuarua ka utu i ō utu hinu māu. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakamahi te utu hinu i tētahi token ERC-20 i runga anō i te kore e hiahia ETH.

Kua ora kē tēnei i runga i ngā L2 maha. Ko te Coinbase Smart Wallet i runga i te Base e tautoko ana i te hinu mō ngā whakawhitinga e whakaaetia ana. Ko ngā papatono pērā i a Safe, Biconomy, me ZeroDev e tuku ana i te hanganga pūtea utu e āhei ai tētahi dApp ki te whakakapi i te hinu mō ō rātou kaiwhakamahi, ka waihanga i tētahi wheako "kore-hinu" ahakoa ka utu tonu te hinu i te aho.

Te Tautoko Hinu me te Whakarāpopoto Ake

Ko te tirohanga mo te wa roa, kia kore rawa nga kaiwhakamahi e whakaaro mo te penehini. Te tango i te mekameka ko nga anga e whai ana kia huna te mekameka poraka mai i nga kaiwhakamahi katoa, ka taunekeneke koe ki tetahi taupānga, a ka whiriwhiri aunoa te hanganga i te mekameka iti rawa te utu, ka tautoko i te penehini, me te whakawhiti i nga rawa i muri.

Ngā kaupapa pērā i te Particle Network, Socket, me Across Protocol e hanga ana i tēnei ao. Ka whakakotahitia ki ngā kaiwhakahaere utu pūkete, ka āhua rite ki te Web2 te āhua whakamutanga: ka pāwhiri koe i tētahi pātene, ka pā ki te rarangi, ā, kāore e kite i tētahi pāwhiri utu hinu.

Wāhanga 8

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā utu hinu i te crypto?

Ko ngā utu hau he utu whakawhitiwhiti e utua ana ki ngā kaiwhakamana (ki ngā kaihuke rānei) nā rātou e tukatuka, e whakau ana i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga i runga i te mekameka poraka. I runga i te Ethereum, ka inea te hau ki te Gwei (kotahi piriona o te ETH). Ko ia mahi e mahia ana e tētahi kirimana mārire, te whakawhiti tohu, te whakawhiti i runga i te DEX, te hanga NFT, ka pau i tētahi rahinga hau motuhake. Ko te katoa o te utu e utua ana e koe, he ōrite ki ngā waeine hau i pau, whakareatia ki te utu mō ia waeine hau.

He aha te pikinga o ngā utu hinu Ethereum?

Kei te nui ngā utu hinu Ethereum nā te mea he iti te wāhi paraka. Ka taea e ia paraka te pupuri tata ki te 30 miriona waehere hinu, ā, ina nui ake te hiahia i te wātea, ka piki te utu matua a ngā kaiwhakamahi kia tere ake te whakaurunga. Ka puta ngā huihuinga pērā i ngā mint NFT rongonui, ngā whakarewa token, me ngā tono airdrop e whakaputa ana i ngā pikinga ohorere. Ka tukatuka a Ethereum L1 i te tata ki te 15 whakawhitinga i te hēkona, nō reira ahakoa te whakamahinga waenga ka taea e ngā paraka te whakakī. Ka whakatau ngā whatunga Papa 2 pērā i a Arbitrum me Base i tēnei mā te tukatuka i ngā whakawhitinga i waho i te aho, me te tuku i ngā taunakitanga kōpaki ki Ethereum.

Me pēhea au e tirotiro i ngā utu hinu o nāianei?

Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i ngā utu hau Ethereum i te wā tūturu i runga i te Gas Tracker a Etherscan (etherscan.io/gastracker), e whakaatu ana i ngā utu hau iti, toharite, me te teitei i roto i te Gwei. Ko ētahi atu taputapu ko te Gas Estimator a Blocknative, te kaiwhakamahara hau i hangaia ki roto i te MetaMask, me te ultrasound.money. Mō ngā utu Layer 2, tirohia ngā kaihōpara poraka L2 tika. Ko Arbiscan mō Arbitrum, ko Basescan mō Base, me Polygonscan mō Polygon.

Āhea ka iti rawa ngā utu hinu?

He iti rawa te utu o te penehi i ngā rā whakatā (Rāhoroi me Rātapu) me ngā hāora kore-pīki mō Amerika-ki-te-Raki me Ūropi, tata ki waenganui pō ki te 8 AM UTC. Ko ngā hāora mākete o Amerika (Rāhina ki Rāmere, 1 PM ki 9 PM UTC) ka kite i ngā utu tino teitei nā te mea ka piki te mahi DeFi me NFT i aua wā. Ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakatūpato utu penehi hei whakamōhio i a koe ina heke ngā utu ki raro i te taumata Gwei e whāia ana, he rautaki whaihua.

Ka utu ngā whatunga Raupapa 2 i ngā utu hinu?

Āe, engari he tino iti ake ngā utu. Ka utu ngā roroa Raupapa 2 pērā i a Arbitrum, Base, me Optimism i te utu whakatinana iti (ngā wāhanga o te hēra mō ngā whakawhiti māmā) me te utu raraunga L1 mō te tuku raraunga whakawhitinga kua kōkiri ki Ethereum. Mai i te wā i whakaurua e EIP-4844 te wāhi blob i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2024, kua heke ngā utu raraunga L2 i te nui ake i te 90%. He utu whakawhitinga tohu auau $0.01 ki $0.10 i te nuinga o ngā L2 i te whakataurite ki $5 ki $50 i te Ethereum L1.

Ka taea e au te karo i ngā utu hinu katoa?

Kāore e taea e koe te tino karo i ngā utu hau i runga i ngā whatunga poraka tūmatanui nā te mea me utu ngā kaiwhakamana. Heoi, ka taea e koe te tata ki te kore. Ko ngā kawa kore-hau pērā i a CowSwap ka tuku i a koe ki te haina i ngā hiahia waho-mekameka i te wā e utu ana ngā kaiwhakaoti i te hau o te mekameka. Ko te tangohanga pūkete (ERC-4337) e taea ai te tautoko hau i reira ka utu ngā dApps i ngā utu mō ā rātou kaiwhakamahi. Ko ētahi whakawhitiwhitinga matua hoki e tuku utu kore ana ki ngā whatunga L2. I runga i a Coinstancy, ka whiwhi koe i te 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te kore e āwangawanga mō te hau, ko ngā pūtea me te whakakaha hua ka whakahaeretia mōu.

Haere tonu ki te ako

Tirohia ētahi atu aratohu mō ngā ariā DeFi, ngā tikanga, me ngā rautaki whiwhi moni.

Aratohu

CowSwap Aratohu

Tauhokohoko i ngā tohu me te kore hinu me te tiaki MEV. Akohia me pēhea te mahi a ngā hokohoko rārangi a CowSwap' me te whakataetae o ngā kaitautuhi.

Pānui Aratohu Aratohu

He aha te APY i roto i te crypto?

Mārama ki te hua tau ā-rau, te auau o te whakakotahi, me te pehea e whakataurite ai i ngā hua DeFi i te āhua tūturu.

Pānui Aratohu Akademia

Tirohia Ngā Ārahi Katoa

Tirohia te katoa o Coinstancy Academy, ngā aratohu, te papakupu, me ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki te DeFi mai i te timatanga ki te taumata matatau.

Haere ki te Whare Wānanga

Kaua e ngaro te hua ki ngā utu hinu

Ka whakakore katoa a Coinstancy i te raruraru huka. Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te whakakotahi o ia rā, kāore he here, me te tango tere. Kāore he whakawhiti, kāore he whakawhitinga whakakotahi, kāore he tatauranga huka.