Te Ārahi Katoa ki MultiversX
Formerly Elrond, MultiversX is a sharded Layer 1 blockchain with 6-second block rounds and low fees. This guide covers how it works, the EGLD token, how to stake EGLD in xPortal and the main ecosystem apps.
He aha te MultiversX?
A Layer 1 blockchain designed for throughput, fast confirmation and low fees.
Mai i te Elrond ki te MultiversX
I whakatūria a Elrond i te tau 2017 e Beniamin Mincu, Lucian Mincu rāua ko Lucian Todea. I whakarewahia tana mainnet i te marama o Hūrae 2020. I te marama o Noema 2022, i whakaingoatia anō te kaupapa ki MultiversX, he ingoa e kapi ana i ētahi atu mea i tua atu i te mekameka matua: pūtea whakawhiti-kore (DeFi), tuakiri matihiko me ngā utu kaihoko mā te taupānga xPortal.
Whakawhakarite Ahuwhakaata Whakarerekē
Per its documentation, MultiversX combines three types of sharding at once: state sharding, network sharding and transaction sharding. The network is split into parallel shards that each process their own transactions, and the number of shards can be adjusted as demand changes. The aim is capacity that grows with each shard added, without weakening security (see Sources).
Me pēhea e mahi ana a MultiversX
The three building blocks of the architecture, as described in the MultiversX documentation.
Whakatōpū ā-rohe
The blockchain state (account balances and smart contract storage) is split across shards. Each shard stores only its part of the global state. This lowers the storage a node needs and lets transactions in different shards be processed at the same time.
Whakawhāitiwhatanga Whatunga
Nodes are grouped by shard, which keeps communication local. A separate chain called the metachain notarises shard blocks and coordinates cross-shard operations. At the end of each epoch (about 24 hours) a share of the nodes is reshuffled between shards, which makes it harder for a group of nodes to collude.
Whakaaetanga SPoS
Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) picks the consensus group for each block using a random seed derived from the previous block's signature. The signatures use the BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) scheme, which lets many validators sign together. Because the seed cannot be known in advance, the selection is hard to predict or manipulate, and it is computed quickly at the start of each round.
Ngā āhuatanga matua
Headline figures from the MultiversX documentation. Live network data is on the explorer (see Sources).
Design capacity per the docs; grows as shards are added
Same-shard transfers settle in one round; cross-shard takes a few more
Ka whakatauhia te utu ki ngā wae hau EGLD; ka neke te uara tāra ki te utu EGLD
Target set in the docs, across 3 shards plus the metachain; live count on the explorer
Te Tohu EGLD
Te tohu taketake o te whatunga MultiversX. Ko ngā tatauranga i raro nei nō te tuhinga ōhanga (tirohia ngā Puna).
Ngā āhuatanga tohu
- Mōrahi teitei: 31,415,926 EGLD
A hard cap whose digits mirror the constant pi. New EGLD is issued until the cap is reached, so supply is limited rather than deflationary.
- Issuance declines over 10 years
Per the economics documentation, the yearly issuance rate falls step by step over the first ten years, and fees collected in an epoch reduce the amount of new EGLD minted for that epoch.
- 30% of contract gas fees go to developers
Per the docs, 30% of the gas fees paid on smart contract calls are credited to the contract owner, which rewards teams that build on the network.
Ngā utu whakatū
Ka neke te reiti utu ki te tapeke EGLD kua whakapumautia me te hōtaka whakaputa. Ka whakaatuhia te reiti ora mō ia kaiwhakarato whakapumau i xPortal me te kaitirotiro (tirohia ngā Puna).
- Te iti rawa o te whakatū: 1 EGLD
- Te wā whakakāhore 10 rā
- Me whai 2,500 EGLD ngā kaitātaritanga
- Ka tohatohahia ngā utu i ia wā (tata ki te 24 haora)
Taiao MultiversX
Four of the main applications built on MultiversX. Check each project's own site for current features and terms.
xExchange
The main decentralized exchange (DEX) on MultiversX. Swap tokens, provide liquidity and farm rewards, with an "energy" system that boosts rewards for users who lock the exchange token.
xPortal
The official MultiversX mobile wallet. It manages EGLD and ESDT tokens (the MultiversX token standard), supports staking and swaps, and offers a crypto payment card in supported regions.
Hatom
A lending and borrowing protocol on MultiversX. It offers liquid staking through sEGLD, a stablecoin called USH, and lending pools where depositors earn interest from borrowers.
AshSwap
A stable-swap DEX built for low-slippage trades between assets that track the same value. It uses Curve-style pools and vote-escrow (ve) tokenomics for governance and reward boosting.
Me pēhea te whakatāwhi i te EGLD
Step by step, using the xPortal app. Mechanics per the MultiversX documentation (see Sources).
Tikiake xPortal
Install the xPortal app from the App Store or Google Play. It is the official MultiversX wallet and supports EGLD and ESDT tokens.
Waihanga, tāpiri rānei he Pūkete
Set up a new wallet and store your 24-word recovery phrase offline. If you already have a MultiversX wallet, import it with your recovery phrase or keystore file.
Whiwhi i te EGLD
Hokona te EGLD i roto i te xPortal mā ōna hoa hoko ā-taupānga, ina wātea ana, hokona rānei i tētahi whakawhitinga pokapū e whakarārangi ana i te EGLD, kātahi ka tango ki tō wāhitau xPortal.
Haere ki te Whakamāramatanga
Open the staking section in xPortal. You will see a list of staking providers with their current reward rate, service fee, remaining delegation capacity and node count.
Tuku Mana i tō EGLD
Choose a provider with a good uptime record and a service fee you accept; each provider sets its own fee and shows it before you delegate. Enter the amount (minimum 1 EGLD) and confirm. Rewards are added every epoch and can be claimed or restaked. If you undelegate, your EGLD is returned after a 10-day unbonding period.
MultiversX ki Solana ki Avalanche
How the designs differ. Performance figures change with upgrades, so we describe each network and point to its documentation rather than quoting numbers that go stale (see Sources).
| Āhuatanga | MultiversX | Solana | Avalanche |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whakaaetanga | PoS Haumaru (SPoS) | Uruwhenua Hītori + PoS | Whakaaetanga Hōkē |
| Throughput | 15,000 TPS design target (docs), grows with shards | High, single state with parallel execution (see docs) | Mō ia mekameka, he maha ngā mekameka whakarara (tirohia ngā tuhinga) |
| Block time and finality | 6-hēkona ngā rauna; ka pau ētahi rauna mō te whakawhiti-wāhanga | Sub-second slots; finality after supermajority votes | Seconds or less; no block reorganisations by design |
| Transfer fee | Fraction of a cent, fixed in gas units | Fraction of a cent, plus optional priority fee | Cents, dynamic with demand |
| Hanganga | Kāhua | Monolithic | Primary network plus custom chains (formerly subnets) |
| Mahi Pūkete Pūkete VM | WASM | SVM (Taumata Moana) | EVM on the C-Chain; custom VMs on other chains |
| Staking reward | Rerekē; reiti ora i te kaitirotiro | Variable; inflation schedule in docs | Variable; depends on chosen staking term |
| Minimum to delegate | 1 EGLD | Kāore he mōkito kawa | Set by the protocol; see docs |
Ngā kirimana atamai i runga i MultiversX
Contracts compile to WebAssembly (WASM), and Rust is the recommended language, per the docs.
Mīhini Mariko WASM
MultiversX runs smart contracts on a WebAssembly (WASM) virtual machine. WASM is a W3C standard bytecode format designed to run at close to native speed, and it is supported by all major web browsers, which gives developers a mature toolchain to build on.
Rust Framework
Developers write contracts in Rust using the MultiversX framework (mx-sdk-rs), which provides macros, a testing environment and debugging tools. Rust's memory safety rules remove a class of bugs at compile time, although they do not replace audits.
Māheinga
Contracts on different shards can call each other through asynchronous cross-shard calls, so DeFi applications can be composed across the network. The metachain notarises the results, and callbacks let a contract handle the outcome once the other shard has processed the call.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te MultiversX (i kīia ko Elrond)?
He aha te whakamahinga o EGLD?
Me pēhea te mahi o te whakatōpū MultiversX?
He pai ake a MultiversX i a Solana?
Me pēhea au e whakatakoto i te EGLD?
Ako Anō mō MultiversX
Official resources. The documents that support this guide are listed under Sources below.
Ngā puna me ngā pānuitanga atu anō
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā tatauranga me ngā kerēme o tēnei whārangi ki ngā tuhinga kei raro nei. Ka neke ngā tatauranga pā ki te wā (reiti, hua, utu, raraunga mākete): tirohia te uara ora i te puna i mua i te mahi.
- MultiversX documentationdocs.multiversx.com
Official reference for the protocol, wallets, staking and smart contracts.
- MultiversX documentation, Adaptive State Shardingdocs.multiversx.com
How state, network and transaction sharding are combined, and the role of the metachain.
- MultiversX documentation, Secure Proof of Stakedocs.multiversx.com
Validator selection, BLS multi-signatures and node reshuffling between shards.
- MultiversX documentation, Economicsdocs.multiversx.com
EGLD maximum supply of 31,415,926, issuance schedule, validator stake and developer rewards.
- MultiversX documentation, Gas and feesdocs.multiversx.com
How transaction fees are computed from gas units and gas price.
- MultiversX documentation, WASM VMdocs.multiversx.com
The WebAssembly virtual machine and supported smart contract languages.
- MultiversX Explorerexplorer.multiversx.com
Live validator count, staked EGLD, staking providers and their current reward rates.
- xPortalxportal.com
Taupānga pukoro MultiversX whaimana e whakamahia ana mō te punga me te whakahaere tohu.
- Solana documentationsolana.com
Solana consensus, performance figures and staking, for the comparison table.
- Tuhinga Avalanchedocs.avax.network
Avalanche consensus, finality and staking, for the comparison table.
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