Kārihi Atamai Kōrerotia: He Ārahi Kāore i te Hangarau
Mārama ki te āhua o te waehere ka whakatinanahia anō i te pūnaha blockchain e whakapakari ana i te DeFi, NFTs, me ngā DAO. Kāore e hiahiatia ana he mōhio ki te hōtaka -- he whakamārama mārama anake, he tauira o te ao tūturu, me ngā kōrero whaihua.
I tēnei Ārahi
He aha te Kaitono Atamai?
He kōtaha atamai he hōtaka ka whakatinanahia aunoa i te pūkete blockchain e whakakāhore aunoa i ngā tikanga o tētahi whakaaetanga ina tutuki ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ehara i te kōtaha tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rōia, ngā kōti, ngā kaiwhakawhiti kōrero ki te whakakāhore i ngā tikanga, ko te kōtaha atamai e whakahaere ana tika i te mea i whakatakotoria — kāore he whakaurunga a te tangata, kāore he tawhiti, kāore he āhei ki te whakakāhore.
I tuhia tuatahi te ariā e te kairorohiko Nick Szabo i te tau 1994, he roa i mua i te noho o Bitcoin. I taunaki a Szabo te whakamahi i ngā tikanga matihiko hei whakakotahi i ngā whakaaetanga kirimana aunoa. Engari kāore i te wā i whakarewātea ai a Ethereum i te tau 2015 i te mea ka noho tūturu ngā kirimana atamai, e hoatu ana i ngā kaihanga i tētahi taiao hōtaka Turing‑katoa i runga i tētahi pūnaha puka‑poraka kore‑ā‑roto.
Te Whakatauranga Mīhini Tukuutu
Ko te ara māmā rawa ki te mārama i tētahi kirimana atamai ko te tauira a Nick Szabo's: he mīhini hokohoko. Ka whakaurua e koe he moni (tāurunga), ka tirotiro te mīhini i te nui (āhua āhuatanga), ā, ka tuku i tō kai (putanga). Kāore e hiahiatia ana e te mīhini he kaihoko moni. Kāore e aro ki wai ko koe. Ka whai i tana hōtaka i ia wā. Ka mahi te kirimana atamai i te āhua rite, engari ka rere i runga i te pūnaha poraka, ka whakahaere rawa matihiko, ā, kāore e taea e te tangata te whakakore i te mīhini, te huri i āna ture i muri i te tuku.
I tōna pūtake, ka hangaia te kirimana atamai katoa i runga i te ariā mēnā-ka: mēnā ko te āhua X he pono, ka whakatinana i te mahi Y. Hei tauira: mēnā ka tukuna e Alice te 1 ETH ki tēnei kirimana, ka tuku 2,000 USDC i ngā pūtea o te kirimana's ki te wāhi noho a Alice's. Ko tēnei whakatinatanga mārama te mea e whakakāhore ai i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kirimana atamai -- kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakawhirinaki ki te taha kē, nā te waehere e whakarite ana i te hua.
Mahi-aunoa
Kāore e hiahiatia ana ngā kaiwawā. Ka whakahaere aunoa te waehere ina tutuki ngā āhuatanga, tika tonu i te tuhi.
Kāore e taea te huri
I te wā kua tuku ki te pūnaha pūkete, kāore e taea te huri i te waehere. He pūmau ngā ture, ā, kāore e taea te whakakē.
Kore whakawhirinaki
Ka whakawhirinaki koe ki te waehere, kāore ki tētahi hoa tauwhāiti. Ka taea e te tangata katoa te tirotiro i te arorau o te kirimana's i te pūnaha pūkete tūmatanui.
Me pēhea te mahi a ngā kirimana atamai
Ka haere te kirimana atamai i roto i te āhua ora mārama: ka tuhi te kaihanga i te waehere, ka tuku ki te pūnaha poraka, ā, ka whakawhiti ngā kaiwhakamahi (rānei ētahi atu kirimana) ki te mahi mā te tuku whakawhitinga. Anei he wetewete hipa-hipa o ngā mahi e pā ana i raro i te uho.
Kua tuku ki te pūnaha poraka
Ka tuhi tētahi kaihanga i te waehere kirimana atamai (i te nuinga i te Solidity mō Ethereum) ka whakakotahi i te waehere ki te bytecode. Ka tukuna tēnei bytecode ki te blockchain mā te whakawhitinga motuhake. Ka hoatu te whatunga i tētahi wāhi motuhake ki te kirimana, pērā i te wāhi kāri. Mai i tēnei wā, ka noho tonu te kirimana i te blockchain, ā, ka taea te karanga ki te tangata katoa.
Ko te utu whakatū he hinu -- te utu ka utua ki ngā kaiwhakamana o te whatunga mō te tukatuka i te whakawhitinga me te penapena i te kirimana ki ia pūtua. Ka nui ake te hinu e hiahiatia ana mō ngā kirimana uaua nā te mea kei roto i a rātou he nui ake ngā waehere kāri me te hiahia nui ake mō te penapena.
Kāore e taea te whakarerekē i muri i te whakatū
Ka oti te kaitono atamai ki te pūnaha blockchain, kāore e taea te huri i tāna waehere. Ko tēnei kore-āhei te huri he āhuatanga, ehara i te hapa -- e whakarite ana kia kore e taea te whakarerekē i ngā ture i muri i te mahi. Mēnā ka tāpui moni ki tētahi kaitono nama e oati ana i te 5% te painga, kāore e taea e te tangata te huri i te reiti i muri i te wā, kāore rānei e taea te hopu i ō moni mā te whakarerekē i te waehere.
Heoi anō, ko te kore-āhei te huri anō e tohu ana he pūkenga pūreke tonu. Kaore e taea te whakatika i tētahi hapa tuhi, hapa arorau rānei i tētahi kirimana kua tukuna. Koinei te take e mea ai i te whakamātautau whānui, te arotake, me te whakamana ā-ture hei tikanga mātauranga i mua i te tuku.
Ka whakaaweawe e ngā whakawhitinga
Kaore ngā kirimana atamai e oma ana i a rātou anō. Ka noho wātea rāua kia tatari kia tuku tētahi tangata i tētahi whakawhitinga e karanga ana i tētahi o ā rātou mahi. Ka whakauru tēnei whakawhitinga i te ingoa o te mahi, ngā tawhā, me te utu hinu. Hei tauira, ko te karanga i te swap() mahi i runga i te DeFi whakawhiti kirimana hokohoko e whakaoho ana i te arorau whakawhiti tohu.
Ka taea e ngā kirimana atamai te karanga atu ki ētahi atu kirimana atamai, e waihanga ana i ngā aho e taea te whakakotahi i te ariā. Koinei te tūāpapa o te whakakotahitanga DeFi -- ka taea e tētahi whakawhitinga a te kaiwhakamahi kotahi te whakaoho i te heke o ngā whakawhiringa kirimana puta noa i ngā tikanga maha.
Whakatinanatanga Tūturu
Ki te whiwhi i ngā tāurunga ōrite me te āhua ōrite o te blockchain, ka whakaputa tonu te kirimana atamai i te putanga ōrite. Ka whakatinana te pūkete whakamana i te kirimana i runga i te whatunga i te motuhake, ā, ka tae ki te hua ōrite. Ko tēnei mārama-ā-ture te mea e āhei ai ngā mano rorohiko ki te whakaae ki te hua kāore e whakawhirinaki ki a rātou anō.
Ko tēnei hoki e tikanga ana kāore ngā kirimana atamai e taea te uru ki ngā raraunga o waho i a rātou anō -- e mōhio ana rātou ki ngā mea kei runga i te pūkete. Hei whiwhi raraunga kāore i te pūkete (pērā i ngā utu rawa, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi), ka whakawhirinaki ngā kirimana ki orāka pērā i a Chainlink e whāngai ana i ngā mōhiohio o waho ki te pūkete i runga i te tikanga pono.
Ngā Tauira Kirimana Atamai
He pou matua ngā kirimana atamai i te nuinga o ngā tono whai tikanga i roto i te crypto. Anei ngā kāwai whai pānga nui rawa e whakakapi ana i ngā kaitono tuku iho te waehere e whakatinanahia ana i a ia anō.
DeFi (Pūtea Whakamāramatanga)
Ko DeFi te kāwai nui rawa o ngā tono kirimana atamai. Ko ngā tikanga nama pēnei i a Aave me Morpho ka whakamahi i ngā kirimana atamai ki te whakakotahi i ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā kaiwhakaoti kāore he pēke. Ko ngā DEX pēnei i a Uniswap e āhei ana i te whakawhiti pūkete me te kore pukapuka tono, kāore he taonga tuku pūtea pūmau. Ka whakaaetia e ngā kirimana taunga te kaitiaki i ngā pūkete, ka whiwhi APY utu aunoa.
Ka whakahaere katoa e te ariā kirimana atamai ngā hononga katoa -- te tuku pūtea, te nama rawa, te whiwhi pānga, te whakakāhore i ngā tūnga kāore i te pūtea pūtea -- i te katoa.
NFTs (Ngā Tohu Kāore e Whakauru)
Ko ia NFT katoa he kirimana atamai. Ka tautuhi ngā paerewa ERC-721 me ERC-1155 i te āhua o te waihanga, te whakawhiti, me te rangatiratanga o ngā taonga matihiko ahurei i runga i te Ethereum. Ka whakahaere ngā kirimana atamai i te hanga, te whakakaha utu, ngā rārangi i te mākete, me te whakamana rangatiratanga.
He tauira kaha ngā utu ā-mana o te kaihanga: ka taea e tētahi kirimana atamai te whakakaha kia whiwhi te kaitito taketake i te 5% o ia hoko tuarua, mō ake tonu atu, kāore e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi papamahi ki te whakatutuki i te whakaaetanga.
DAOs (Rōpū Motuhake Motuhake)
A DAO he whakahaere i whakahaeretia katoa e ngā kirimana atamai. Ka mau ngā mema i ngā tohu whakahaere e tuku ana i ngā motika pōti ki ngā tono. Ka tatauranga ngā kirimana atamai i ngā pōti, ka whakakaha i ngā whakaritenga quorum, ka whakatinana i ngā tono kua whakaaetia, ā, ka whakahaere i te pūtea o te whakahaere -- katoa kāore he CEO, poari, rānei he rōpū ture.
Ka whakahaere ngā DAO nui pērā i a MakerDAO, Uniswap DAO, me Arbitrum DAO i ngā piriona tāra i ngā rawa pūtea mā te whakahaere i runga i te aho.
Inihua & Pūnaha Tukunga
Ka whakamahia e te inihua parametric ngā kirimana atamai ki te utu i ngā kerēme aunoa i runga i ngā raraunga e taea te whakamana. Hei tauira, ka taea e tētahi kirimana inihua hua te whakamahi i tētahi pūkenga rangi ki te kite i te whanga me te whakaoho utu ki te kaihaka me te kore e hiahia ki te kaiwhakatau kerēme, pepa, rānei he tawhiti tukatuka.
I te whakahaere o te aho tuku, ka aroturuki ngā kirimana atamai i ngā taonga mai i te wheketere ki te kaihoko, ka whakamana i te pono, ka tuku utu i ia wāhi tirotiro. Kua torotoro ngā kamupene pērā i a Walmart me Maersk i ngā otinga aho tuku i runga i te pūnaha blockchain i hangaia mā ngā kirimana atamai.
Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC
Ka hikoia e ngā kirimana atamai ngā hua DeFi i muri i a Coinstancy. He whakakotahi rā i ia rā, kāore he ārai, he tango tere.
Ngā Kirimana Atamai i runga i te Ethereum
Ko Ethereum te wāhi i whānau ai, ā, ko te papamahi rangatira mō ngā kirimana atamai. I whakarewaia e Vitalik Buterin i te tau 2015, i hoahoa a Ethereum kia noho hei "world computer" e taea ai te whakatinana hōtaka ahurei -- ehara i te tuku uara anake pēnei i a Bitcoin. I tēnei rā, ko Ethereum te manaaki i te nuinga o ngā tono DeFi, NFT, me DAO.
Solidity: Te Reo o te Ethereum
Ko te nuinga o ngā kirimana atamai Ethereum e tuhia ana i Solidity, he reo hōtaka taumata-nui, kua tautuhi ā-tūtohi, i whāia e JavaScript, Python, me C++. I hangaia a Solidity mō te Mīhini Mariko Ethereum (EVM) anake, ā, kei roto i a ia ngā pūtake i hangaia mō te whakahaere wāhitau, toenga, me ngā mahi kriptorāhipa.
He reo kē, Vyper, e tuku ana i tētahi taketake rite ki te Python me te arotahi ki te māmā me te āta tirotiro. Ka whakakore a Vyper i ngā āhuatanga pērā i te whakatōpū me te whakawhāiti kaiwhakahaere hei whakaiti i te papanga o ngā tūmau. He maha ngā kaupapa matua DeFi, tae atu ki Curve Finance, i tuhia ki Vyper.
Te Mīhini Mariko Ethereum (EVM)
EVM ko te taiao wātea e whakatinana ana i te bytecode o ngā kirimana atamai. Ka whakahaerehia e ia node Ethereum he kape ōrite o te EVM, e whakarite ana kia taurite te whakatinatanga kirimana puta noa i te whatunga katoa. Ina ka tuku koe i tētahi whakawhitinga ki tētahi kirimana atamai, ka tukatuka ia kaiwhakamana i te bytecode kotahi me ngā tāurunga kotahi, ā, ka tae ki te hua kotahi.
Kua riro te EVM hei paerewa ahumahi. Ko ngā whatunga papamuri ā-rua pērā i a Arbitrum me Base, me ngā papamuri motuhake pērā i te BNB Chain me Avalanche, he "EVM-urupare," arā, ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā kirimana atamai Solidity ōrite me te kore panoni.
Utu Hā me te Hātepe Whakaputa
He utu te gas i ia mahi i runga i te Ethereum -- he waehere o te kaha rorohiko. He mahi māmā pērā i te whakawhiti ETH e utu ana i te tata ki te 21,000 gas, ā, ko te tuku i tētahi kirimana atamai uaua ka utu i ngā miriona waehere gas. Ko te utu katoa he gas i whakamahia x utu gas (ka inea i te gwei). I ngā wā o te pikinga nui o te tono whatunga, ka piki te utu gas i te nui, ka riro te tuku me te whakawhiringa he utu nui.
Ko te tukanga tuku noa o te whakarewa he: tuhi i te kirimana i roto i te Solidity, whakakōmaka mā te kaitārua Solidity, whakamātautau i runga i tētahi whatunga ā-rohe (Hardhat rānei Foundry), tuku ki te testnet (Sepolia), whakahaere arotake haumaru, ā, whakamutunga tuku ki te Ethereum mainnet. Ka whakamahia e ngā rōpū ngaio ngā pūkete maha-pūāhua pērā i te Safe hei whakahaere i te tuku me ngā mahi whakahaere.
Haumaru Kirimana Atamai
Ko te haumaru te mea nui rawa atu i te whakawhanaketanga o ngā kirimana atamai. Nā te mea kāore ngā kirimana e taea te whakarerekē, ā, ka whakahaere i te uara pūtea tūturu, ka taea e tētahi ngoikoretanga kotahi te hua i ngā miriona tāra e ngaro ana mō ake tonu atu. Kua whakawhanake te ahumahi crypto i ngā tikanga haumaru pakari hei whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea.
Arotakenga Haumaru
Ka arotake e ngā kamupene haumaru motuhake ia rārangi waehere, e rapu ana i ngā ngoikoretanga pērā i ngā pānga whakahoki, ngā hipa tau, ngā hapa whakahaere urunga, me ngā hapa arorau. Ka roa te arotake hohonu, he 2-6 wiki te wā, ā, ka utu $50,000-500,000 i runga i te uauatanga o te waehere.
Utu Hē
Ka tuku ngā kaupapa here i ngā utu pūtea ki ngā kaitātaritari māwhiti e whakakitea ana i ngā ngoikoretanga i te āhua tika. Ko ngā papamahi pērā i a Immunefi e whakahaere ana i ngā hōtaka utu hē me ngā utu e tīmata ana i te $1,000 mō ngā take iti ki te $10 miriona, ā, he nui ake mō ngā ngoikoretanga nui ka taea te whakakore i ngā pūtea o te kaupapa here.
Manatokonga Whakaū
Ko te paerewa koura mō te haumaru o ngā kirimana atamai. Ka whakamahia e te manatokonga whakaū ngā taunakitanga pāngarau hei whakarite kia tika te whanonga o tētahi kirimana i raro i ngā tāurunga me ngā tūnga katoa. Ehara i te āta tirotiro (he arotake a te tangata), he whānui, he taea te whakaū te manatokonga whakaū.
Ngā Kamupene Arotake Rongonui
Ko ngā kamupene arotake tino whakanuia i te ao crypto ko Trail of Bits (ngā tīpuna i te taputapu haumaru kirimana atamai), OpenZeppelin (ngā kaihanga o ngā pukapuka kirimana paerewa o te ahumahi), me Certora (ngā rangatira i te whakamana ā-ture). Ko te whai arotake i tētahi o ēnei kamupene he tohu kaha mō te kounga o te waehere.
Mea nui: Ko te arotake kāore i te whakarite i te haumaru. He arotake i te wā kotahi e taea ana te ngaro i ngā ara riri hou. He maha ngā tikanga i whakaaetia i mua i te arotake. Me mātua tirotiro mēnā he maha ngā arotake te tikanga, he utu mō ngā hapa e mahi ana, me te hītori o ngā whakahou e tika ana.
Ngā Hākinakina Kaitono Mārō Rongonui
Ko te hītori o ngā kaitono mārō i whakakotahi i ngā whakatūpato rongonui i hurihia te ara o te ahumahi ki te haumaru. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei aituā mō te aromātai i ngā mōrearea o ngā tikanga DeFi katoa.
Te Tātaritanga DAO
I te DAO, ko te rōpū motuhake kore-ā-roto tuatahi nui i runga i te Ethereum, i whiwhi $150 miriona i te ICO i te tau 2016. I whakamahi tētahi kaiwhakawhiwhi i kēmu whakahoki -- he hapa i whakaaetia ai te kirimana o te attacker's ki te karanga anō i te mahi tango i mua i te whakahou i te toenga o te DAO's, i whakawetohia 3.6 miriona ETH (he $60 miriona te uara i taua wā).
I tino pakaru te whakatātaritanga kia kaha te hapori Ethereum i pōti ki te wehe mārō i te pūnaha blockchain, e waihanga ana i ngā aho e rua: Ethereum (ka whakahoki i te whakatātaritanga) me Ethereum Classic (ka tiaki i te hītori taketake, kāore i hurihia). I whakatūria e tēnei takahanga te reentrancy hei tino ngoikoretanga i te haumaru o ngā kirimana atamai, ā, i ārahi i te whanaketanga o te "checks-effects-interactions" tauira e whai ana ngā kirimana hou katoa.
Whakamahinga Piriti Wormhole
I whakamahia a Wormhole, he piriti whakawhiti-aho e hono ana i Ethereum me Solana, i 120,000 ETH kua whakakotahi (wETH) e whai ake ana i te $320 miriona tata. I whakamahia e te kaiwhakawhiwhi te ngoikoretanga i te kiripaka atamai o Wormhole's taha Solana, i whakaaetia ai kia hanga wETH i Solana me te kore tuku i te ETH e hāngai ana ki Ethereum.
Ko te take taketake he whakakore i te whakamātau hohoro: i rahua te kirimana ki te whakatau tika i ngā hohoro "kaitiaki" e whakaaetia ana ngā whakawhiti i ngā aho. I whakahokia e Jump Crypto, te kamupene matua o te rōpū whakawhanaketanga o Wormhole's, ngā pūtea i tukua kia whiwhi anō ngā kaiwhakamahi i tō rātou whiwhinga. I whakaatu te tūponotanga i ngā mōrearea ahurei o ngā kirimana piriti, e me whakarite i te tūnga puta noa i ngā pūnaha poraka maha.
Te Whakamahinga o Euler Finance
Euler Finance, he kaupapa tuku nama i runga i te Ethereum, i ngaro $197 million i te whakaeke nama tere i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2023. I whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiwhi i tētahi ngoikoretanga i te Euler's donateToReserves mahi, i whakaaetia ai rātou ki te whakakē i tā rātou tūnga nama me te tango moni i ngā pūkete tuku nama o te protocol's .
I te huringa whakamīharo o ngā mahi, i whakahoki te kaiwhakawhiwhi i ngā moni i tukua i muri i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero ki te rōpū Euler, ā, ka riro hei tētahi o ngā whakahoki moni nui rawa i te hītori DeFi. I whakaatu te tūponotanga i ahakoa ngā tikanga i arotakea (kua arotakea a Euler i te maha o ngā wā) ka taea te whai hapa rorohiko e taea te whakamahi, ā, ka taea e te urupare tere me te whakawhitinga kōrero te whakahoki i ngā rawa i tukua.
Ngā Akoranga
- He maha ngā arotake he pai ake i te kotahi. Ka hopu ngā kaitirotiro rerekē i ngā hapa rerekē. Ko ngā tikanga haumaru rawa he nui ake i te toru ngā arotake i nā ngā kamupene rerekē.
- He whāinga mōrearea teitei ngā piriti. Ka whakahaere ngā kirimana whakawhiti-aho i te uara nui, ā, he whānui ake te wāhi tūkino i ngā tikanga kotahi-aho.
- Ka whakapiki ngā nama tere i te katoa. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi te whiwhi pūtea mutunga kore i roto i tētahi whakawhitinga kotahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hapa iti rawa hei raru nui.
- He kore whakarerekē e pā ki ngā wā e rua. Ka tiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā huringa ture, engari ka tohu hoki kāore e taea te whakatika i ngā hapa i muri i te tuku.
Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me Coinstancy
Whakawhāiti ia rā, kāore he here, whakawhitinga tere. Ka whakakahaia e ngā kirimana atamai kua whakamātau i ngā pakanga.
Kirimana Atamai Kei waho i te Ethereum
Ahakoa i tūāra a Ethereum i ngā kirimana atamai, kua tautokohia e ngā pūnaha pūkete kē i ēnei — i te nuinga o te wā ki ngā reo hōtaka rerekē, ngā taiao whakatinana, me ngā whakakotahitanga mahi. Anei ngā kōwhiringa nui rawa.
| Pūkete | Reo | VM / Wā Whakamahi | Painga Matua |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethereum | Solidity / Vyper | EVM | Taiao nui rawa, kua whakamātau i ngā pakanga |
| Solana | Rust / Anchor | SVM (Taumata Moana) | Mahi tere, utu iti, whakatinana tuitui |
| Taiao Cosmos | Rust (CosmWasm) | CosmWasm VM | Kōrero-aho i waenganui (IBC), aho-āpiti |
| Arbitrum | Solidity (EVM) | Nitro (pūmautanga whakatere) | Haumaru Ethereum me ngā utu iti ake 10-50x |
| Pūtake | Solidity (EVM) | OP Stack (pūmautanga whakatere) | L2 i tautokohia e Coinbase, pūnaha-āhua e tere tipu ana |
Solana: Hōtaka, Kāore he Kirimana
Ka whai a Solana i tētahi ara tino rerekē. Ko ngā kirimana atamai i runga i Solana e kīia ana ko "programs" ā, ka tuhia ki Rust (rānei mā te whakamahi i te anga Anchor mō tētahi whakarapopotanga taumata-nui ake).whakawhāiti mahi: ēre i te Ethereum e tukatukahia ngā whakawhitinga i te raupapa, ka taea e te wātea a Sealevel a Solana's te whakatinana i ngā mano whakawhitinga i te wā kotahi, kia kaua e pā ki ngā pūkete ōrite.
Ko tēnei hanganga e kawea ana i te tere nui ake (mano ngā whakawhitinga i te hēkona) me ngā utu iti iho i te hēkona, engari ka whai wāhi ki te ara ako tino uaua mō ngā kaihanga, me tētahi tauira haumaru rerekē i te EVM.
Cosmos: CosmWasm me Kaitanga Mātanga Whakawhitinga-Ake
Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha-āhua Cosmos CosmWasm, he papatono kaitanga mātanga i runga i te WebAssembly e tuhia ana ngā kaitanga i te Rust. CosmWasm ka whakanuia te haumaru mā ngā tiakitanga haumaru-rua o te Rust's me tētahi tauira whakatinanatanga whakaaetanga e aukati ana i ngā ara pānga auau maha.
Ko te āhuatanga tino whakaaweawe o Cosmos ko IBC (Inter-Blockchain Communication), e āhei ai ngā kirimana atamai i runga i ngā aho Cosmos rerekē ki te kōrero tahi me te whakawhiti rawa i te āhua taketake, kāore he piriti. Ka hangaia e tēnei he whatunga o ngā pūnaha pūkete motuhake e taea te mahi tahi.
Ngā Rollup Raupae 2: Arbitrum me Base
Arbitrum me Base he whatunga Ethereum Layer 2 e whakahaere ana i ngā kirimana atamai EVM ōrite ki te Ethereum mainnet engari ka whakatinana i ngā whakawhitinga off-chain, ka tuku taunakitanga kōmpressi ki te Ethereum. Ka hoatu tēnei ki ngā kaihanga te pai o ngā ao e rua: Ethereum's tiaki haumaru me ngā utu huka iti rawa, me ngā wā whakamana tere ake.
Mō ngā kaihanga, he māmā te ara whakawhiti — ka taea te tuku i ngā kirimana Solidity e tū ana ki Arbitrum, Base me te kore panonitanga waehere. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, he tata ki te wheako o te Ethereum mainnet engari ko ngā utu i inehia i ngā pēke, kāore i ngā tāra.
Te Anamata o ngā Kirimana Atamai
Kua roa te haerenga o ngā kirimana atamai i te wā mai i te DAO, engari kei te tere tonu te whanaketanga o te hangarau. Anei e toru ngā whanaketanga ka whakatū i te whakatupu o te reanga e whai ake nei o te waehere e whakatinanahia ana i a ia anō.
Whakawhāiti Pūkete
Ko te whakakotahitanga pūkete (ERC-4337) e hurihia ai ia pūkete ki te kirimana atamai. Mā te kore e whakawhirinaki ki tētahi kī motuhake anake, ka taea e tō pūkete te whai ture e taea te whakatakoto: whakaora pāpori, tepe whakapau, utu aunoa, kī wāhi mō te kēmu, me ngā whakawhitinga kore hinu e tautokohia e ngā tono.
Ka whakakore tēnei i te ārai UX nui rawa atu i roto i te crypto -- te whakahaere i ngā kī kupu tīmata me ngā utu hinu. Ko ngā pūkete kirimana atamai pērā i a Safe me te Coinbase Smart Wallet kua kawea kē ēnei āhuatanga ki ngā miriona kaiwhakamahi.
Kirimana i Hangaia e te AI
Kei te kaha ake haere ngā tauira reo nui ki te tuhi, te arotake, me te whakamārama i te waehere kirimana atamai. Ka taea e ngā taputapu AI te whakaputa i te pūtake Solidity, te tautuhi i ngā tauira ngoikoretanga noa, me te whakamāori i ngā whakatakotoranga reo taiao ki te waehere.
Aunui, ahakoa ka hiahiatia tonu e ngā kirimana i hangaia e AI te arotake a te tangata me ngā arotake ā-ture, kei te tere ake ngā huringa whakawhanaketanga, ā, ka whakatinanahia te hanga kirimana atamai ki te hunga kāore i te mātanga rorohiko. Ko te tirohanga roa ko te hanga kirimana i runga i te “whakaaro” : whakaahuahia tō hiahia i te reo Ingarihi māmā, ā, ka tuhi, ka whakamātautau, ka tuku atu e te AI.
Mā te Hononga Ake o ngā Rārangi
Ko te ao māriki o ngā kirimana atamai he maha-aho. Kei te hanga ngā tikanga pērā i a LayerZero, Chainlink CCIP, me Cosmos IBC i te hanganga mō ngā kirimana atamai i runga i ngā pūnaha poraka rerekē kia taea te kōrero ā‑kore ā‑pōuri, ā‑tūmomo.
Ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā aho maha te tikanga e pā ana ki te kirimana atamai i runga i te Ethereum e taea ai te whakaoho i tētahi mahi i runga i te Solana, te whakatau i runga i te Arbitrum, me te pūrongo i te hua ki te huri – i te kotahi anake o te whakawhitinga a te kaiwhakamahi. Ka whakakotahi tēnei i te waiwai kua wehea, ā, ka āhei ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te uru ki ngā hua, utu, me ngā tono pai rawa, ahakoa te aho kei runga i a rātou.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te kirimana atamai i ngā kupu māmā?
Ka taea te huri i ngā kirimana atamai i muri i te tuku?
He here ā-ture ngā kirimana atamai?
E hia te utu ki te tuku i tētahi kirimana atamai?
Me mōhio au me pēhea te tuhi waehere ki te whakamahi i ngā kirimana atamai?
He aha te pānga mēnā he hapa kei te kirimana atamai?
Haere tonu ki te ako
Tirohia atu ngā aratohu anō mō ngā tikanga DeFi me ngā mātauranga pūtake crypto.
Aratohu Morpho
Ako me pēhea te Morpho's kirimana atamai e whakapai ake i te kāriha DeFi mā te whakataurite ā-tāngata ki te tāngata me ngā mākete motuhake.
Pānui Aratohu AratohuHe aha te APY i roto i te Crypto?
Mārama ki te hua ā-rau o te tau, te pānga pūrua, me te pēhea e arotake ai i ngā hua DeFi āta.
Pānui Aratohu Rārangi kupuPapakupu Crypto
Rapua ngā whakamārama mō ngā kirimana atamai, DeFi, DAOs, ngā orākara, ERC-20, me ngā kupu crypto 100+ anō.
Tirohia te PapakupuKo ngā Kirimana Atamai e Whakapakari i tō Hua
Ka whakamahi a Coinstancy i ngā kirimana atamai kua whakamātau i te pakanga hei tuku 7% APY i runga i te USDC. He whakakotahi ia rā, kāore he here, he tango tere. Ka mahi āu pūtea i te roanga o te rā, kua tiakina e te hangarau kotahi i ako ai koe i tēnei wā.
Tīmata te whiwhi moni i te CoinstancyKua rite ki te whiwhi moni mā ngā kirimana atamai?
Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te whakakotahi ia rā, kāore he here, me te tango tere.