What are gas fees in crypto?

Gas fees are transaction fees paid to validators (or miners) who process and confirm transactions on a blockchain. On Ethereum, gas is measured in Gwei (one billionth of an ETH). Every operation a smart contract performs — transferring tokens, swapping on a DEX, minting an NFT — consumes a specific amount of gas. The total fee you pay equals the gas units consumed multiplied by the price per gas unit.

Why are Ethereum gas fees so high?

Ethereum gas fees are high because block space is limited. Each block can hold roughly 30 million gas units, and when demand exceeds supply, users bid up the priority fee to get included faster. Events like popular NFT mints, token launches, and airdrop claims create sudden spikes. Ethereum L1 processes about 15 transactions per second, so even moderate usage can fill blocks. Layer 2 networks like Arbitrum and Base solve this by processing transactions off-chain and posting compressed proofs to Ethereum.

How can I check current gas prices?

You can check real-time Ethereum gas prices on Etherscan's Gas Tracker (etherscan.io/gastracker), which shows low, average, and high gas prices in Gwei. Other tools include Blocknative's Gas Estimator, the gas tracker built into MetaMask, and ultrasound.money. For Layer 2 fees, check the L2 block explorers directly — Arbiscan for Arbitrum, Basescan for Base, and Polygonscan for Polygon.

When are gas fees cheapest?

Gas fees are typically cheapest on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and during off-peak hours for North America and Europe — roughly between midnight and 8 AM UTC. U.S. market hours (Monday through Friday, 1 PM to 9 PM UTC) tend to see the highest fees because DeFi and NFT activity peaks during those times. Using gas price alert tools to notify you when fees drop below a target Gwei level is a practical strategy.

Do Layer 2 networks charge gas fees?

Yes, but they are dramatically cheaper. Layer 2 rollups like Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism charge a small execution fee (fractions of a cent for simple transfers) plus an L1 data fee for posting compressed transaction data to Ethereum. Since EIP-4844 introduced blob space in March 2024, L2 data costs have dropped by over 90%. A typical token swap costs $0.01 to $0.10 on most L2s compared to $5 to $50 on Ethereum L1.

Can I avoid gas fees entirely?

You cannot fully avoid gas fees on public blockchains because validators need compensation. However, you can get close to zero. Gasless protocols like CowSwap let you sign off-chain intents while solvers pay the on-chain gas. Account abstraction (ERC-4337) enables gas sponsorship where dApps cover fees for their users. Some centralized exchanges also offer free withdrawals to L2 networks. On Coinstancy, you earn 7% APY on USDC without worrying about gas — deposits and yield compounding are handled for you.

Kāinga Akademia Ngā Ārahi He aha ngā utu hinu?

Aratohu Mātau

He aha ngā utu hinu? Me pēhea te utu iti

He utu hinu ia whakawhitinga blockchain katoa. Akohia ngā utu hinu he aha, he aha te pikinga o ngā utu Ethereum, me pēhea ngā aho rerekē e whakataurite ana, me ngā rautaki whaihua hei whakaiti i ōu utu whakawhitinga ki te 99%.

Tīmata te Pānui Aki ki ngā Tohutohu

11 meneti pānui I whakahoutia Māe 2026 Mātāpono Blockchain

I tēnei Ārahi

01 He aha ngā utu hinu? 02 Me pēhea te mahi o ngā utu hinu i runga i te Ethereum 03 He aha te huringa o ngā utu hinu 04 Ngā utu hinu i runga i ngā aho rerekē 05 Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu 06 Ngā utu hinu me te DeFi 07 Te ao kei te heke mai o ngā utu hinu 08 Pātai Auau

Wāhanga 1

He aha ngā utu hinu?

Utu hinu he utu whakawhitinga e utu ana koe ki te whakamahi i te whatunga blockchain. Whakaarohia te hinu hei pūngao e hihiri ana i ia mahi i te whatunga — tuku tohu, whakawhiti i te DEX, tuku i tētahi kirimana atamai, rānei te hanga i tētahi NFT. Kēkē i ngā utu hinu, kāore he whakatenatena mō ngā kaiwhakawātea ki te tukatuka i ngā whakawhitinga, ā, kāore he utu mō te whakaputa pānga ki te whatunga me ngā tono para.

I runga i te Ethereum, ka tukuna ngā utu hinu ki ngā kaiwhakamana e whakatakoto ETH ki te tiaki i te whatunga. Ka kai katoa te wāhanga rorohiko e hiahiatia ana e te whakawhitinga — te pānui pūrua, te tuhi raraunga, te mahi pāngarau — i te nui i te ine o ngā waehere hinu. Ka tatauranga te utu katoa i te mea ka tapahia ngā waehere hinu i te nuinga o te utu mō ia waehere hinu. Ka whakamahia e tētahi whakawhitinga ETH māmā 21,000 ngā waehere hinu; ka taea e tētahi whakawhitinga DeFi uaua te whakamahi 200,000 ki te 500,000, ā, he nui ake.

Mai i te Ethereum's EIP-1559 whakahōu (Ākuhata 2021), ko ngā utu hinu ka wehea ki ngā wāhanga e rua. Ko te utu taketake ka tautuhia ā-tauira e te tikanga i runga i te nui o te paraka o mua — ka piki ake ina nui ake i te 50% te paraka, ka heke iho ina iti. Ko tēnei utu taketake ka whakakā (kua tangohia mō ake tonu atu i te pūtea), e mahi ana i te ETH kia heke te utu i ngā wā o te whakamahi nui. I runga i te utu taketake, ka tāpiri ngā kaiwhakamahi i tētahi utu rangatira (tāpae) hei whakatenatena i ngā kaiwhakaū kia whakaurua tō rātou whakawhitinga i mua i te wā.

He māmā te tātai: Utu Katoa = Ngā Uniti Hāora i Whakamahia x (Utu Taketake + Utu Matua). Mēnā ko te utu taketake he 20 Gwei, ko tō utu matua he 2 Gwei, ā, ka whakamahia e tō whakawhitinga 21,000 ngā unit hāora, ka utu koe 21,000 x 22 Gwei = 462,000 Gwei = 0.000462 ETH. I te $3,500 mō ia ETH, tata ki te $1.62.

Hāora Whatunga

Ka hikoia e te hāora ia mahi kei runga i te aho. Ka whiwhi utu ngā kaiwhakawātea mō te tukatuka i ō whakawhitinga me te tiaki i te whatunga.

Utu Taketake + Tohu

Ka wehewehe a EIP-1559 i ngā utu ki tētahi utu taketake kua tahuri, me tētahi tipa nui. Ka whakaritea aunoa te utu taketake i runga i te hiahia o te poraka.

Whakawetewete ETH

Ka tahuri tonu te utu taketake, e whakaiti ana i te whiwhinga ETH. Ka whakaitia te ETH i te roanga o te wā nā te whakamahinga nui o te whatunga.

Wāhanga 2

Me pēhea te mahi o ngā utu hinu i runga i te Ethereum

Ko te mārama ki ngā pūnaha o ngā utu hinu a Ethereum e āwhina i a koe ki te matapae i ngā utu, me te karo i te utu nui rawa. Anei ngā wāhanga matua.

Gwei: Te Uniti o te utu hinu

Ko ngā utu hinu e whakaūhia ana i Gwei, he wāhanga-iti o ETH. Kotahi Gwei e ōrite ana ki te 0.000000001 ETH (10^-9). Ka mea tētahi tangata "he hinu 25 Gwei," e tohu ana i ia waehere hinu he utu 25 o ngā wāhanga kotahi o ETH. I ngā utu o nāianei, ka whakamaori te 25 Gwei ki te tata $0.0000000875 mō ia waehere hinu — he iti noa iho, engari ka piringa i ngā tekau, rau, mano rānei o ngā waehere hinu e hiahiatia ana e tētahi whakawhitinga.

Ko te ingoa "Gwei" i puta mai i te "giga-wei," ko Wei te wāhanga iti rawa o te ETH (1 ETH = 10¹⁸ Wei). Ka kite koe i te Gwei e whakaatuhia ana i ngā pūkete pērā i te MetaMask, i ngā pūtirotiro hinu, me ngā pūtirotiro poraka pērā i te Etherscan.

Te Pae Hinu

Te tepe hinu he teitei o te maha o ngā waehere hinu e hiahia ana koe ki te whakapau i runga i tētahi whakawhitinga. Ka mahi hei tapa haumaru — mēnā ka nui ake te hinu i te tepe o te, ka huri (e rahua), ā, ka utu tonu koe mō te hinu i whakamahia tae noa ki taua wāhi. He whakawhitinga ETH māmā tonu ka whakamahi tika 21,000 hinu. He whakawhitinga tohu ERC-20 ka whakamahia noa 45,000 ki 65,000. Ka taea e tētahi whakawhitinga Uniswap te whakamahi 150,000 ki 300,000, i runga i te uauatanga o te ara.

Ngā pūkete pērā i a MetaMask e whakatau ana i te tepe hinu aunoa. Mā te whakarite i te iti rawa ka hapa tō whakawhitinga. Mā te whakarite i te nui ake i te hia e hiahiatia ana he haumaru nā te mea ka utu anake koe mō te mea i kaiwhakamahia tūturu — ka whakahoki te hinu kāore i whakamahia.

Utu Taketake me te Utu Matua

I raro i te EIP-1559, te utu taketake ka whakatauria e te kawenata. Ka whāia e ia te whakamahinga poraka 50%: i te wā i te poraka o mua i te nui ake i te haurua, ka piki te utu taketake (taea ki te 12.5% ia poraka); i te wā i te haurua iti iho, ka heke. Ka hanga tēnei i tētahi mākete utu e matapae ana, e whakarerekē aunoa. Ka whakakā katoa te utu taketake — kāore ngā kaiwhakawātea e whiwhi i tēnei.

Te utu matua (ka kīia hoki ko te "tip" rānei "utu matua mō te gae teitei") ka haere tika ki te kaitirotiro e whakaurua ana tō whakawhitinga. I ngā āhuatanga auau, he tip o 1-2 Gwei e tika ana. I te whiwhinga, ka whakapiki ngā kaiwhakamahi i ō rātou tip hei whakaiti i te rārangi. Te pūkete o tō utu teitei mō te gae ka aukati te tautuhi i te tapeke ka utua e koe (pūtake + tip), e tiaki ana i a koe i ngā pikinga utu pūtake ohorere.

Mokowā Paraka: Te Rauemi Pūkete

Ka whakaputa a Ethereum i tētahi paraka hou ia 12 hēkona. He paraka ia ia rahi whāinga o ngā waehere hinu 15 miriona me tētahi rahi mōrahi o ngā waehere hinu 30 miriona. Ko tēnei tikanga, ka taea e te whatunga te tukatuka tata ki te 15-45 whakawhitinga i te hēkona, i runga i te uaua. Ko te mokowā paraka te rauemi iti e utu ana ngā utu hinu — ina hiahia te nuinga o te tangata ki te whakawhitinga i te nui ake i te wā e taea e te paraka te whakakī, ka pikinga ngā utu hei whakarite wāhi.

Koinei te take e mea ana ngā utu hinu kia āhua mātāmua he raru tuku me te hiahia. Ka whakaritea te whiwhinga o te mokowā poraka e ngā ture tukanga. Ka rerekē te hiahia i te huringa o te mahi mākete, te whakamahi i te DeFi, ngā tuku NFT, me ngā whakarewa tohu. Ko te mārama ki tēnei horopaki he matua ki te wātea i ō whakawhitinga mō ngā utu iti.

Wāhanga 3

He aha te huringa o ngā utu hinu

If you have watched Ethereum gas prices, you know they can swing wildly — from 5 Gwei during quiet weekends to 200+ Gwei during viral events. The base fee might be $1 at 3 AM UTC and $50 during a hyped NFT mint. This volatility comes down to one factor: demand for block space.

Nā te mea kua aukatia te rahi o te poraka o Ethereum, ka piki te utu i te wā ka piki ohorere te tono whakawhitinga. Ka whakapiki ake te tikanga EIP-1559 i tēnei: ina kapi tonu ngā poraka, ka piki te utu taketake ki te 12.5% ia hēkona 12. Ka taea e te wā roa o ngā poraka kapi te rua ngā utu taketake i raro i te rua meneti.

Ngā āwangawanga whatunga

Ka whakatere ake ngā mākete toro nui i te pikinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi, te hokohoko, me te mahi i runga i te aho. Ka noho ngā paraka i runga i te 50% o te kaha mō te roanga o te wā, ka piki tere te utu taketake. I te raumati DeFi o te tau 2021 me te pikinga o ngā NFT, i hipa te utu kaipupuri noa o te huka ki te 100 Gwei mō ngā wiki.

Ngā Minti me ngā Tātaritanga NFT

Ka hangaia e ngā whakarewa NFT rongonui "pakanga huka" i reira ngā mano kaiwhakamahi e whakataetae ana ki te whakaputa i te kotahi poraka. I te tau 2022, i whakaputa te mint o Yuga Labs Otherside i te huka ki runga i te 8,000 Gwei, e utu ana i te huka nui ake i te NFT anō. Ahakoa ngā heke iti ake ka taea te whakatūpato poto engari tino kaha.

Ngā tono airdrop

Ka whāwhāia e ngā tikanga nui ngā airdrop tohu, ka heke mai ngā miriona tāra i ngā whakawhitinga tono ki te whatunga i te wā kotahi. Ko te airdrop Arbitrum ARB, te tono Starknet STRK, me ngā huihuinga ōrite i puta ake he pikinga hinu wā-roa i te wā e tere ana ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tono.

Ngā Rere Whakawātea i te DeFi

Ka whakaoho ngā heke utu tino tere i ngā ngaru o ngā whakawātea i runga i ngā tikanga kāri pēnei i a Aave me Compound. Ka whakataetae ngā pūkete whakawātea ki te wāhi poraka me te kaha, nā te mea ka whiwhi tāpiritanga ia whakawātea. Ka hua he huringa utu i te mea ka riro te utu e ngā pūkete i te tētahi ki te tētahi mō te whakaurunga matua.

Wāhanga 4

Utu Hāora i ngā Ārahi Rerekē

Ehara i te katoa o ngā pūnaha poraka e utu ana i ngā utu ōrite. Ngā roroa Papa 2 me ngā L1 kōwhiringa e tuku ana i ngā utu tino iti. Anei tētahi whakataurite ao‑tūturu o ngā utu whakawhitinga auau puta noa i ngā whatunga rongonui.

Whatunga	Whakawhiti ETH	Tuku Tokina	Whakaputa NFT	Momo
Ethereum L1	$1.50 - $15	$5 - $50	$10 - $80	L1
Arbitrum	$0.01 - $0.10	$0.03 - $0.30	$0.05 - $0.50	Roroa L2
Pūtake	$0.001 - $0.01	$0.01 - $0.10	$0.02 - $0.15	Roroa L2
Polygon PoS	$0.001 - $0.01	$0.01 - $0.05	$0.01 - $0.10	Ara‑āwhina
Solana	$0.0005 - $0.005	$0.005 - $0.03	$0.01 - $0.05	Kōwhiringa L1

Tuhipoka: Ko ēnei ngā awheawhe auau hei te Maehe 2026. He rerekē ngā utu tūturu i runga i te piringa o te whatunga me te utu ETH. I heke nui ngā utu L2 i muri i te whakaurunga o te EIP-4844 (Maehe 2024) i te wā i whakaurua te wāhi blob, nā reira i whakaiti i ngā utu tuku raraunga L1 i te nui ake i te 90%. Kua riro a Arbitrum me Base hei kōwhiringa tino whai utu mō te whakamahi DeFi ia rā, i tiakina e Ethereum.

Aukati i te Hāora, Whiwhi te Pūtau

Ka kai ngā utu hinu ki ō hua i runga i te Ethereum L1. Mā Coinstancy, whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te whakakotahi o ia rā, kāore he ārai, me te tango tere — kāore he āwangawanga mō ngā utu whakawhitinga.

Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC

Wāhanga 5

Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu

Kāore e taea te whakakore i ngā utu hinu katoa, engari ka taea e koe te whakaiti i a rātou ki te 90-99% mā ngā rautaki tika. Anei ngā huarahi whai hua rawa, mai i te māmā ki te uaua rawa.

Whakamahia ngā whatunga Raupapa 2

The single most impactful change is moving your activity to an Layer 2 network. Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism are Ethereum rollups that inherit Ethereum's security while offering fees 50-100x cheaper. Most major DeFi protocols (Uniswap, Aave, Compound) are already deployed on multiple L2s. Bridge your assets once, then transact at a fraction of the L1 cost.

Mai i te EIP-4844, he whakawhiti Uniswap tūturu i runga i te Base e iti iho i te $0.05, i te whakataurite ki te $5-$50 i runga i te Ethereum L1. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi DeFi auau, ka piki ake tēnei rerekētanga ki ngā rau māra i ia marama i ngā penapena.

Whakatau i te wā o ō whakawhitinga

Ka whai i ngā tauira e taea te matapae ngā utu hinu e hono ana ki te mahi a te kaiwhakamahi. Ko ngā utu iti rawa i mutunga wiki (ina koa i te Rāhoroi) me ngā haora kore-itei — i waenganui i te pō me te 8 AM UTC. Aukati i te whakawhitinga i ngā haora mākete o te US (1 PM - 9 PM UTC, Rāhina ki te Rāpara) i te wā e piki ana te hokohoko DeFi.

Whakamahia ngā taputapu aroturuki huka pērā i te Etherscan Gas Tracker, Blocknative rānei hei aroturuki i ngā utu i te wā tūturu. He maha ngā taputapu e āhei ai koe ki te whakarite whakamōhiotanga utu e whakamōhiotia ana i a koe ina heke te huka ki raro i tō Gwei whāinga. Mēnā kāore tō whakawhitinga i te mea nui, mā te tatari i ngā haora ruarua mō te heke ka taea te penapena i te 50% ā, pea ake.

Ngā Whakawhitinga Rārangi

Kei ia whakawhitinga he utu pūmau o ngā waehere hinu 21,000 mō te utu taketake o te whakawhitinga. Mēnā me mahi koe i ngā mahi maha, ko te whakakotahi i aua ki te whakawhitinga kotahi ka penapena i taua utu pūmau i ia wā. Ka taea e ngā pūkete atamai (ma te whakaaetanga pūkete) me ngā tikanga me te kohinga aunoa te kohikohi i ngā whakaaetanga, ngā whakawhiti, me ngā tāpiritanga ki tētahi whakawhitinga kei runga i te aho.

Hei tauira, mā te whakaaetanga i tētahi tohu, kāore e whakakē i te whakawhiti i roto i ngā whakawhitinga rua motuhake, e tautokona ana e ētahi DEX ngā whakaaetanga i runga i te whakaaetanga (EIP-2612) e whakakotahi ana i te hainatanga whakaaetanga me te whakawhiti i te whakawhitinga kotahi, e whakaiti ana i tō utu hinu tata ki te haurua.

Whakamahia ngā Kaupapa Kore Hinu

He tikanga rerekē e kawea ana i ngā utu hinu mō tō taha. CowSwap Ka tuku a CowSwap i ngā whakawhiti kāore i te hinu: ka hainatia e koe tētahi hiahia i waho o te aho, ā, ka utu te kaiwhakawātea i te hinu hei whakatinana i tō tauhokohoko i runga i te aho. Ko te utu hinu ka whakaurua ki te utu whakatinana, kaua ko te utu motuhake. He tino whaihua tēnei mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e pupuri ana i ngā tohu ERC-20 anake, kāore hoki i a rātou he ETH mō te hinu.

Ko ētahi atu kōwhiringa kāore he hinu e wātea ana ko te aratau Fusion a 1inch's, te whatunga tuku a Gelato's mō ngā kaihanga dApp, me ngā tikanga e tautoko ana i ngā hainatanga whakaaetanga ERC-20 hei whakakore i ngā whakawhitinga whakaaetanga motuhake.

Whakaritea ngā tautuhinga hinu ā-ringa

Ngā pūkete pērā i a MetaMask e tuku ana i a koe kia urutau i ngā tautuhinga hinu. Mō ngā whakawhitinga kāore i te tino nui, whakaitia te utu matua kōwhiringa ki te 1 Gwei (rānei i te iti ake i ngā wā noho puku) ā, tautuhia he utu tiaki utu mōrahi. Ka taea e tō whakawhitinga te tango i ētahi paraka tāpiri kia whakaaetia, engari ka utu i te iti rawa. Kia tūpato kia kaua e whakarite i te utu mōrahi i raro i te utu taketake o nāianei, kāore rānei e taea te whakawhitinga te noho piri tae noa ki te heke o ngā utu.

Wāhanga 6

Utu hinu me DeFi

Ko ngā utu hinu te kaiwhakamataku hūmiri o DeFi te whaihua, otirā mō ngā pūkete iti i runga i te Ethereum L1. Ko te mārama ki te pāngarau e āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau mēnā he mea whai tikanga tūturu te rautaki ki te whakatinana.

Te Whakamāramatanga Pae-utu

He utu hinu kei ia tūranga DeFi ki te whakauru (tuku + whakaaetanga), ngā utu haere tonu (te tono utu, te whakakotahi), me te utu hinu ki te puta (whakawetere). Mēnā ka tukuna e koe $500 ki tētahi pāmu hua i runga i te Ethereum L1 e whiwhi 10% APY, ko tō tumanako hua ā-tau $50. Engari mēnā ka utu $15 te whakawhitinga tuku, ka utu $15 ia wā (ngā wāhanga kotahi o te tau) te tono utu ($60/tau), ā, ka utu $15 te whakawetere, kua whakapau $90 i te hinu ki te whiwhi $50.

Te tikanga matua: i runga i te Ethereum L1, e hiahia ana koe kia iti rawa $5,000 ki $10,000 kua tāpui mō te mahi whakatipu hua kia taea te whakakāhore i ngā utu hinu i ngā taumata utu auau. I raro i taua pae, ka kai te hinu i tō hua katoa — ā, pea anō he nui ake. Koinei te take tika i noho ai ngā L2 hei kāinga taunoa mō te DeFi.

He aha te ngaro moni o ngā tāpuitanga iti i runga L1

Ko ngā utu hinu e mau tonu ana i ngā tikanga tāra — he tāke $100 me te tāke $100,000 e utu ana i te hinu kotahi ki te whakatinana. Ko tēnei hanganga utu kotahi he mea heke iho: he mea nui ki ngā kaiwhakamahi iti. He utu $50 Uniswap whakawhiti e utu ana i te hinu kotahi ahakoa you're whakawhiti $50, $50,000 rānei i ngā tohu. Mō te kaihoko iti, tērā pea te hinu e whakaatu ana i te 30-100% o te uara tauhokohoko. Mō te ngeru, he hapa whakakāhore.

He mea nui tēnei o ngā raru whakamahinga nui o te crypto's me te take i riro ai te "DeFi is for the rich" hei meme i te wā o te pōreke hinu 2021. Ka whakatika ngā whatunga Papa 2 i tēnei mā te whakaiti i te utu hinu kia taea e ngā pūkete katoa te whakamahi.

Pānga ki te Rautaki Whai Hua

Ko ngā utu hinu e huri ana i ngā rautaki e taea ana. I te L1, ko te whakakotahi a‑mano i ngā utu mo te wiki pea ka nui ake te utu hinu i te hua tāpiri kua whiwhi. I te L2, ko taua whakakotahi anō te utu iti. Ka whakatau ngā pouaka whakakotahi aunoa (pērā i a Yearn, Beefy Finance) i tēnei mā te whakakotahi i ngā utu hinu ki ngā kaiwhakauru katoa — kotahi te whakawhitinga e whakakotahi mō te katoa — engari ka utua e rātou he utu mahi mō te ratonga.

I te arotake i ngā hua DeFi, me tatau tonu: Hua Neti = APY Katoa - (Utu Hinu Katoa / Rahi Putunga). He pāmu e pānuitia ana 20% APY kāore he tikanga mēnā ka kai ngā utu hinu i te 25% o tō pūtake.

Kāore he māuiui hinu. Ko te hua anake.

Coinstancy ka whakahaere i te uaua katoa — kāore he tatauranga hinu, kāore he whakawhitinga whakakotahi, kāore he whakawhiti L2. Putua USDC ka whiwhi 7% APY me te whakakotahi ia rā, kāore he here, me te tango tere.

Tīmata te whiwhi moni i te Coinstancy

Wāhanga 7

Te Anamata o ngā Utu Hinu

Kei te mahi kaha te pūnaha-āhua Ethereum ki te whakaiti i ngā utu hinu kia kore e raru mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o ia rā. Kua tīmata kē ngā whakahau nui maha me ngā tauira hoahoa, kei te ora rānei, kei te rārangi ara.

EIP-4844: Proto-Danksharding (Ora)

I whakarewatia i te Hūrae 2024 me te whakahoutanga Dencun, i whakaurua e EIP-4844 ngā whakawhitinga blob — he momo raraunga hou kua whakakē mō ngā raraunga rollup. I mua, i tukuna e ngā L2 ngā raraunga whakawhitinga kua whakakōwhiri hei karanga raraunga i runga i te Ethereum L1, e whakataetae ana ki ngā whakawhitinga auau mō te wāhi poraka kotahi. He mākete utu motuhake ā ngā blob me te wāhi motuhake, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu raraunga L2 i te nui ake i te 90%.

I tere tonu te pānga, he tino rerekē. I heke ngā utu tauwhiti pūtake mai i te tata ki $0.50 ki raro i te $0.01. I kite a Arbitrum i ngā hekenga ōrite. I whakakāhore kotahi tēnei whakahōutanga i ngā tauwhiti moni iti i te ao i runga i ngā Ethereum L2, ā, i whakatūria he ngaru o ngā whakarewa L2 hou.

Danksharding Katoa (Mahere Ara)

Ka whakawhānui te danksharding katoa i te kaha blob mai i te 3-6 blob i tēnei wā mō ia poraka ki te rerekē raupapa. Ka whakakotahi ki te tauira wātea o ngā raraunga (DAS), ka āhei ngā kaiwhakamana ki te whakamana i te wātea o ngā raraunga me te kore tikiake i te katoa. Te hua: he nui ake te mokowā raraunga mō ngā rollup, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu L2.

E te mea kāore anō te danksharding katoa i te wāhi whakaputa, he tau anō te roa, engari ka tūmanako kia tere ake ngā whakapai ake pērā i te PeerDAS me te pikinga o te tatauranga blob. Ka whakaiti haere te tapapa utu mō ngā whakawhāiti L2 i ia hipanga.

Whakawhāiti Pūkete (ERC-4337)

Ka whakakapi te whakawhāiti pūkete i ngā pūkete tuku iho (EOAs) ki kōtaha atamai pūkete kārihi e taea ana te tautuhi i te arorau mana motuhake. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga whai pānga nui ko tautoko hinu (kaiwhakarato utu): he taupānga (dApp) rānei tētahi taha tuarua ka utu i ō utu hinu māu. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakamahi te utu hinu i tētahi token ERC-20 i runga anō i te kore e hiahia ETH.

Kua ora kē tēnei i runga i ngā L2 maha. Ko te Coinbase Smart Wallet i runga i te Base e tautoko ana i te hinu mō ngā whakawhitinga e whakaaetia ana. Ko ngā papatono pērā i a Safe, Biconomy, me ZeroDev e tuku ana i te hanganga pūtea utu e āhei ai tētahi dApp ki te whakakapi i te hinu mō ō rātou kaiwhakamahi, ka waihanga i tētahi wheako "kore-hinu" ahakoa ka utu tonu te hinu i te aho.

Te Tautoko Hinu me te Whakarāpopoto Ake

Ko te tirohanga roa wātea ko te mea kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi e whakaaro mō te gas i te katoa. Whakawhāiti aho Ko ngā anga whakahaere e whai ana ki te huna i te blockchain i raro i ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa — ka whakawhiti koe ki tētahi taupānga, ā, ka whiriwhiri aunoa te hanganga i te aho tino iti, ka tautoko i te gas, ā, ka whakawhiti rawa i muri i ngā mahi.

Ngā kaupapa pērā i te Particle Network, Socket, me Across Protocol e hanga ana i tēnei ao. Ka whakakotahitia ki ngā kaiwhakahaere utu pūkete, ka āhua rite ki te Web2 te āhua whakamutanga: ka pāwhiri koe i tētahi pātene, ka pā ki te rarangi, ā, kāore e kite i tētahi pāwhiri utu hinu.

Wāhanga 8

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā utu hinu i te crypto?

Ko ngā utu hinu he utu whakawhitinga ka utua ki ngā kaiwhakawātea (rānei ngā kaiwāhanga) e tukatuka, e whakauhia ana i ngā whakawhitinga i runga i te pūnaha blockchain. I runga i te Ethereum, ka ine te hinu i te Gwei (he kotahi o te kotahi piriona o te ETH). Ia mahi a te kirimana atamai — te whakawhiti i ngā tohu, te whakawhiti ki te DEX, te hanga i tētahi NFT — ka kai i tētahi rahinga motuhake o te hinu. Ko te utu katoa ka utua e koe he ōrite ki ngā waehere hinu i kaiwhakamahia ka whakarea ki te utu mō ia waehere hinu.

He aha te pikinga o ngā utu hinu Ethereum?

Kei te nui ngā utu hinu Ethereum nā te mea he iti te wāhi paraka. Ka taea e ia paraka te pupuri tata ki te 30 miriona waehere hinu, ā, ina nui ake te hiahia i te wātea, ka piki te utu matua a ngā kaiwhakamahi kia tere ake te whakaurunga. Ka puta ngā huihuinga pērā i ngā mint NFT rongonui, ngā whakarewa token, me ngā tono airdrop e whakaputa ana i ngā pikinga ohorere. Ka tukatuka a Ethereum L1 i te tata ki te 15 whakawhitinga i te hēkona, nō reira ahakoa te whakamahinga waenga ka taea e ngā paraka te whakakī. Ka whakatau ngā whatunga Papa 2 pērā i a Arbitrum me Base i tēnei mā te tukatuka i ngā whakawhitinga i waho i te aho, me te tuku i ngā taunakitanga kōpaki ki Ethereum.

Me pēhea au e tirotiro i ngā utu hinu o nāianei?

Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i ngā utu hinu Ethereum i te wā tūturu i te Etherscan's Gas Tracker (etherscan.io/gastracker), e whakaatu ana i ngā utu hinu iti, waenga, me te tiketike i te Gwei. Ko ētahi atu taputapu ko te Blocknative's Gas Estimator, te kaitirotiro hinu i roto i te MetaMask, me te ultrasound.money. Mō ngā utu Layer 2, tirohia ngā pūtirotiro pātene L2 tika — Arbiscan mō Arbitrum, Basescan mō Base, me Polygonscan mō Polygon.

Āhea ka iti rawa ngā utu hinu?

Ko ngā utu hinu he iti rawa i ngā mutunga wiki (Rāhoroi me Rātapu) me ngā haora kore‑āhua mō Amerika ki te Raki me Ūropi — tata ki te wā i waenganui i te pō me te 8 am UTC. I ngā haora mākete o te US (Mane ki Rāmere, 1 pm ki 9 pm UTC) ka riro ngā utu teitei rawa nā te mea ka piki te mahi a DeFi me NFT i aua wā. Ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakamōhiotanga utu hinu hei whakamōhiotanga i a koe ina heke ngā utu ki raro i te taumata Gwei e whāia ana he rautaki whaihua.

Ka utu ngā whatunga Raupapa 2 i ngā utu hinu?

Āe, engari he tino iti ake ngā utu. Ka utu ngā roroa Raupapa 2 pērā i a Arbitrum, Base, me Optimism i te utu whakatinana iti (ngā wāhanga o te hēra mō ngā whakawhiti māmā) me te utu raraunga L1 mō te tuku raraunga whakawhitinga kua kōkiri ki Ethereum. Mai i te wā i whakaurua e EIP-4844 te wāhi blob i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2024, kua heke ngā utu raraunga L2 i te nui ake i te 90%. He utu whakawhitinga tohu auau $0.01 ki $0.10 i te nuinga o ngā L2 i te whakataurite ki $5 ki $50 i te Ethereum L1.

Ka taea e au te karo i ngā utu hinu katoa?

Kāore e taea e koe te karo katoa i ngā utu hinu i runga i ngā pūnaha pūkete tūmatanui nā te mea e hiahia ana ngā kaiwhakatau utu. Heoi anō, ka taea e koe te tata ki te kore. Ngā tikanga kāore he hinu pērā i a CowSwap ka tuku i a koe ki te hainatanga i ngā hiahia i waho i te aho, ā, ka utu ngā kaiwhakawātea i te hinu i runga i te aho. Ko te whakakotahitanga pūkete (ERC-4337) e āhei ana i te tautoko hinu, ā, ka whakakapi ngā taupānga dApp i ngā utu mō ō rātou kaiwhakamahi. He maha ngā whakawhiti pūtea ā-roto hoki e tuku ana i ngā tango kore utu ki ngā whatunga L2. I runga i a Coinstancy, ka whiwhi koe i te 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te kore āwangawanga mō te hinu — ka tiakina ngā tāke me te whakakotahi hua mōu.

Haere tonu ki te ako

Tirohia ētahi atu aratohu mō ngā ariā DeFi, ngā tikanga, me ngā rautaki whiwhi moni.

Aratohu

CowSwap Aratohu

Tauhokohoko i ngā tohu me te kore hinu me te tiaki MEV. Akohia me pēhea te mahi a ngā hokohoko rārangi a CowSwap' me te whakataetae o ngā kaitautuhi.

Pānui Aratohu Aratohu

He aha te APY i roto i te crypto?

Mārama ki te hua tau ā-rau, te auau o te whakakotahi, me te pehea e whakataurite ai i ngā hua DeFi i te āhua tūturu.

Pānui Aratohu Akademia

Tirohia Ngā Ārahi Katoa

Tirohia te Whare Wānanga Coinstancy katoa — aratohu, papakupu, me ngā tuhinga e kapi ana i te DeFi mai i te tīmata ki te taumata tiketike.

Haere ki te Whare Wānanga

Kaua e ngaro te hua ki ngā utu hinu

Ka whakakore katoa a Coinstancy i te raruraru huka. Whiwhi 7% APY i runga i te USDC me te whakakotahi o ia rā, kāore he here, me te tango tere. Kāore he whakawhiti, kāore he whakawhitinga whakakotahi, kāore he tatauranga huka.